中考英语语法：数词语法讲解
<p>（一）数词概述英语的数词可以分为基数词和序数词两大类。基数词表示数目的多少，如：<span word="three">three</span>，<span word="thirty">thirty</span>，<span word="forty">forty</span>-<span word="nine">nine</span>等。而序数词表示的则是这些数目的顺序,如：<span word="third">third</span>，<span word="thirtieth">thirtieth</span>，<span word="forty">forty</span>-<span word="ninth">ninth</span>等。数词与不定代词很相似，其用法相当于名词与形容词。中考对数词的考查主要是数词的复数形式的应用、分数的构成形式以及词形变化中的基数词转换为序数词。当表示确切的数目时，<span word="hundred">hundred</span>，<span word="thousand">thousand</span>，<span word="million">million</span>等数词用单数形式；表达不具体的数目，如成百上千，成千上万等时，<span word="hundred">hundred</span>，<span word="thousand">thousand</span>等数词用复数形式，且在其后加介词<span word="of">of</span>。英语中的分数是由基数词+序数词构成的。分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示，分子大于1时，作为分母的序数词要用复数形式。基数词转换为序数词常在词形转换中考查，要特别记住某些序数词的一些特殊变化形式。如：<span word="onefirst">onefirst</span>, <span word="twosecond">twosecond</span>, <span word="threethird">threethird</span>, <span word="fivefifth">fivefifth</span>, <span word="eighteighth">eighteighth</span>, <span word="nineninth">nineninth</span>, <span word="twelvetwelfth">twelvetwelfth</span>, <span word="twentytwentieth">twentytwentieth</span>等等。（二）基础知识梳理1．基数词1）基数词表示数量。13~19的基数词都以-<span word="teen">teen</span>结尾，如：<span word="thirteen">thirteen</span>，<span word="nineteen">nineteen</span>等。20~90十位数的整数都以-<span word="ty">ty</span>结尾，如：<span word="twenty">twenty</span>，<span word="ninety">ninety</span>等。2）表示两位数词时，十位与个位之间要加连字符。三位以上的数词，在百位数与后两位数之间，要用<span word="and">and</span>连接。如：<span word="four">four</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ninety">ninety</span>-<span word="seven">seven</span>。注意，千位数与百位数之间用逗号分开，如：<span word="five">five</span> <span word="thousand">thousand</span>，<span word="three">three</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="twenty">twenty</span>。3）在表示一个具体的数目时，<span word="hundred">hundred</span>，<span word="thousand">thousand</span>，<span word="million">million</span>都要用单数形式。如：<span word="several">several</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span>，<span word="two">two</span> <span word="thousand">thousand</span>，<span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="million">million</span>等。在表示大概数目时，则用<span word="hundreds">hundreds</span> <span word="of">of</span>，<span word="thousands">thousands</span> <span word="of">of</span>，<span word="millions">millions</span> <span word="of">of</span>。4）数词与其他词构成复合形容词时，其中的名词要用单数形式。如：<span word="an">an</span> <span word="eight">eight</span>-<span word="cent">cent</span>-<span word="stamp">stamp</span>， <span word="a">a</span> <span word="three">three</span>-<span word="month">month</span>-<span word="old">old</span> <span word="baby">baby</span>。2．序数词1）序数词表示顺序，使用时一般前面要加定冠词。基数词变序数词有一定的规律，下面的口诀可帮助你记忆：基变序有规律，123特殊记。 <span word="th">th</span>要从4加起，8减<span word="t">t</span>，9去<span word="e">e</span>。 <span word="ty">ty</span>变成<span word="tie">tie</span>，<span word="ve">ve</span>要用<span word="f">f</span>替。若要变为几十几，只变个位就可以。 2）有时序数词前不用定冠词，表示再一、又一的意思。如：<span word="Soon">Soon</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Greens">Greens</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="child">child</span>--<span word="a">a</span> <span word="son">son</span>.很快格林夫妇又有了一个孩子一个儿子。 3．分数，小数和百分比1）表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母须用复数形式。如：1/2上读作<span word="one">one</span> <span word="half">half</span>或<span word="a">a</span> <span word="half">half</span>, 1/4读作<span word="one">one</span> <span word="fourth">fourth</span>或<span word="a">a</span> <span word="quarter">quarter</span>，2/3读作<span word="two">two</span>-<span word="thirds">thirds</span>, 3 2/5读作<span word="three">three</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="two">two</span>-<span word="fifths">fifths</span>。2）读小数时，小数点前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同，小数点读作<span word="point">point</span>，小数点后只需将数字一一读出。如15.07读作<span word="fifteen">fifteen</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="zero">zero</span> <span word="seven">seven</span>。3） 百分数的读法为：先读基数词，再读百分号。如5%读作<span word="five">five</span> <span word="percent">percent</span>。4．年份和日期1）年份的读法为每两位数读一个词。如：1950读作<span word="nineteen">nineteen</span> <span word="fifty">fifty</span>1800读作<span word="eighteen">eighteen</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> 2000读作<span word="two">two</span> <span word="thousand">thousand</span>2）日期的读法有两种（1）先月后日，日子要读成序数词。如：9月29日可读作<span word="September">September</span> (<span word="the">the</span>) <span word="twenty">twenty</span>-<span word="ninth">ninth</span> （2）先日后月，在月份之前加<span word="Of">Of</span>。 如：9月29日也可读作<span word="the">the</span> <span word="twenty">twenty</span>-<span word="ninth">ninth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="September">September</span> 3）年月日同时出现，年代放在最后，年代前用逗号隔开。如：2005年2月1日可写成<span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="February">February</span> ,2005或<span word="February">February</span>( <span word="the">the</span>) <span word="first">first</span>, 20055．时间和钟点6:00读作<span word="six">six</span> (<span word="oclock">oclock</span>)7:30读作<span word="seven">seven</span> <span word="thirty">thirty</span>／<span word="half">half</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="seven">seven</span>9:45读作<span word="nine">nine</span> <span word="forty">forty</span>-<span word="five">five</span>／<span word="a">a</span> <span word="quarter">quarter</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ten">ten</span>2:15读作<span word="two">two</span> <span word="fifteen">fifteen</span>／<span word="a">a</span> <span word="quarter">quarter</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="two">two</span> 6．编号的表达1）事物名词（不加冠词）+基数词。如：<span word="Lesson">Lesson</span> <span word="One">One</span>，<span word="Part">Part</span> <span word="Three">Three</span>，<span word="Channel">Channel</span> <span word="Five">Five</span>，<span word="Gate">Gate</span> <span word="Nine">Nine</span>,，<span word="World">World</span> <span word="War">War</span> Ⅱ2）定冠词+序数词+事物名词。如：<span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="lesson">lesson</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="part">part</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="fifth">fifth</span> <span word="channel">channel</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="ninth">ninth</span> <span word="gate">gate</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Second">Second</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="War">War</span>7．加减乘除的英语表达<span word="plus">plus</span>/<span word="and">and</span>加，<span word="minus">minus</span>减，<span word="time">time</span>/<span word="multiplied">multiplied</span> <span word="by">by</span>乘，<span word="divided">divided</span> <span word="by">by</span>除。如：1）12 +8=？ <span word="How">How</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="twelve">twelve</span> <span word="plus">plus</span>/<span word="and">and</span> <span word="eight">eight</span>?2）4011=29， <span word="Forty">Forty</span> <span word="minus">minus</span> <span word="eleven">eleven</span> <span word="is">is</span>/<span word="equals">equals</span> <span word="twenty">twenty</span> <span word="nine">nine</span>.3）36 =18，<span word="Three">Three</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="is">is</span>/<span word="equals">equals</span> <span word="eighteen">eighteen</span>.4）567=？<span word="How">How</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="fifty">fifty</span>-<span word="six">six</span> <span word="divided">divided</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="seven">seven</span>?</p>
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