中考英语语法：冠词语法讲解
<p>(一)冠词概述冠词是限定词的一种，自己不能单独使用，只能依附于一个名词帮助说明这个名词的含义。因此冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有三种形式：不定冠词<span word="a">a</span>(<span word="an">an</span>)，定冠词(<span word="the">the</span>)和零冠词(即不使用冠词)。冠词用法每次中考都会出现，主要考查：(1)名词前的定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的用法；(2)固定搭配中的冠词用法。<span word="a">a</span>，<span word="an">an</span>的用法区别是常考内容。序数词前及形容词最高级前或姓氏前使用定冠词也是近年来中考的常考内容。(二)基础知识梳理1．不定冠词<span word="a">a</span>／<span word="an">an</span>的用法不定冠词用来修饰单数可数名词，指人或物中的某一个或某一类，但不具体说明是何人何物。如：<span word="A">A</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="astronaut">astronaut</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="talk">talk</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="week">week</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="next">next</span>．<span word="a">a</span>用在以辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的单词前，如：<span word="a">a</span> <span word="university">university</span> <span word="student">student</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="European">European</span> <span word="country">country</span>；<span word="an">an</span>用在以元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的单词前，如：<span word="an">an</span> <span word="honest">honest</span> <span word="girl">girl</span>，<span word="an">an</span> <span word="underground">underground</span> <span word="train">train</span>．现将不定冠词的基本用法归纳如下：1)首次提到某人某物，不定冠词起介绍作用。如：<span word="Long">Long</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="lived">lived</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="village">village</span>．2)表示每一的意思，常用于表示时间、速度的名词之前，相当于<span word="every">every</span>。如：<span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="metres">metres</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="second">second</span>，<span word="twice">twice</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="week">week</span>3)也可用于不可数的物质名词和抽象名词之前，使其具体化。如：1 <span word="would">would</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="drink">drink</span>．<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="joy">joy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span>．4)某些固定短语中，要用不定冠词。如：<span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="time">time</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hurry">hurry</span>，<span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="break">break</span>，<span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="while">while</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="pair">pair</span> <span word="of">of</span>，<span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="look">look</span>，<span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="smile">smile</span>，<span word="take">take</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="active">active</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="in">in</span>．2．定冠词<span word="the">the</span>的用法1)指第二次提到的人或物。如：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dog">dog</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cat">cat</span>．<span word="The">The</span> <span word="dog">dog</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="brown">brown</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cat">cat</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="yellow">yellow</span>．2)特指某人或某物。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="thick">thick</span> <span word="glasses">glasses</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>．3)指谈话双方都知道的人或物。如：<span word="Would">Would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="turning">turning</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="radio">radio</span>，<span word="Jim">Jim</span>? <span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="sleeping">sleeping</span>．4)用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="truck">truck</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="carrying">carrying</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fewest">fewest</span> <span word="apples">apples</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span>．5)用于指世界上独一无二的事物。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="moon">moon</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="smaller">smaller</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="earth">earth</span>．6)在江河、海洋、山脉等地理名词前及由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Nile">Nile</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Pacific">Pacific</span> <span word="Ocean">Ocean</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Alps">Alps</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Oriental">Oriental</span> <span word="Pearl">Pearl</span>7)用于表示方位的名词前。如：<span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="China">China</span>．8)用在乐器名称的前面。如：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="practise">practise</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="piano">piano</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="school">school</span>．9)在某些形容词前加定冠词，表示一类人。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="sick">sick</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="of">of</span>．10)用于姓氏复数形式之前，表示一家人或夫妇两人。如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Wangs">Wangs</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Pudong">Pudong</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="years">years</span>．11)在某些固定短语中，需用定冠词。如：<span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>，<span word="listen">listen</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="radio">radio</span>，<span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="moment">moment</span>，<span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="beach">beach</span>，<span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="way">way</span>．3．不用冠词的情况1)在球类活动、学科名称前。如：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span>，<span word="maths">maths</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>．2)在节日、月份、四季、星期前。如：<span word="June">June</span> <span word="l">l</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="Childrens">Childrens</span> <span word="Day">Day</span>．<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="Saturday">Saturday</span> <span word="today">today</span>．<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="spring">spring</span> <span word="now">now</span>．3)名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或数词等。如：<span word="That">That</span> <span word="handbag">handbag</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="car">car</span>．<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="questions">questions</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ask">ask</span>．4)在物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。如：<span word="Milk">Milk</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="white">white</span>．(比较：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="milk">milk</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cup">cup</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="bad">bad</span>．这里<span word="the">the</span>表示特指。)5)三餐名词前通常不用冠词，如：<span word="have">have</span> <span word="supper">supper</span>，<span word="after">after</span> <span word="breakfast">breakfast</span>，但三餐名词前如果有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词，如：<span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="supper">supper</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="quick">quick</span> <span word="breakfast">breakfast</span>等。6)在称呼、头衔、职位前。。如<span word="What">What</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="you">you</span>，<span word="sir">sir</span>.7)在某些固定词组和习惯用语中。如：<span word="by">by</span> <span word="motorcycle">motorcycle</span>／<span word="air">air</span>／<span word="train">train</span>，<span word="at">at</span> <span word="night">night</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="trouble">trouble</span>, <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="church">church</span>，<span word="put">put</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="jail">jail</span>等。4．在某些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：<span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="church">church</span>(去做礼拜) <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="church">church</span>(到那座教堂去)<span word="in">in</span> <span word="class">class</span>(在上课时)<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="class">class</span>(在班级中)<span word="in">in</span> <span word="charge">charge</span> <span word="of">of</span>(负责)<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="charge">charge</span> <span word="of">of</span>(由负责)<span word="in">in</span> <span word="hospital">hospital</span>(生病住院)<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hospital">hospital</span>(在医院里工作或参观)<span word="at">at</span> <span word="table">table</span>(在吃饭) <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="table">table</span>(在桌子旁)<span word="take">take</span> <span word="place">place</span>(发生) <span word="take">take</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="place">place</span>(代替)<span word="in">in</span> <span word="front">front</span> <span word="of">of</span>(在的前面)<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="front">front</span> <span word="of">of</span>(在前部)<span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="house">house</span>(管理家务) <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="house">house</span>(呆在家里)</p>
页:
[1]