中考英语语：代词语法讲解
<p>（一）代词概述代词用来代替名词，在句中充当主语、宾语和表语，有时还可以充当定语。代词在考试命题中主要是代词格的变化、代词单复数形式以及不定代词和<span word="it">it</span>的用法等。（二）基本知识梳理1. 人称代词：主格作主语，宾格用作及物动词和介词的宾语。<span word="He">He</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="helps">helps</span> <span word="me">me</span>.<span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="door">door</span>? <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="me">me</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="bicycle">bicycle</span> <span word="belongs">belongs</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="me">me</span>.出现并列主语或宾语时，其排列顺序为：单数时是第二、第三、第一人称（简称231）即<span word="you">you</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span>或<span word="you">you</span>，<span word="her">her</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="me">me</span>；复数时是第一、第二、第三人称（简称123）即<span word="we">we</span>，<span word="you">you</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span>或<span word="us">us</span>，<span word="you">you</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="them">them</span>。2. 物主代词：形容词性物主代词作定语，后加名词；而名词性物主代词等于形容词性物主代词加名词。如： <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="book">book</span>. = <span word="This">This</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="mine">mine</span>.名词性物主代词可做主语、宾语和表语。如：<span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="pen">pen</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="blue">blue</span>.<span word="Mine">Mine</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="blue">blue</span>,<span word="too">too</span>.<span word="May">May</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="pen">pen</span>?<span word="ve">ve</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="mine">mine</span>.<span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="classmate">classmate</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="bike">bike</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="hers">hers</span>.3. 反身代词：用作宾语和起强调作用。1）作宾语<span word="Help">Help</span> <span word="yourself">yourself</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="cakes">cakes</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="myself">myself</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mirror">mirror</span>.<span word="They">They</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span>.2）作强调<span word="We">We</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="homework">homework</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="ourselves">ourselves</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="myself">myself</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="airport">airport</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="uncle">uncle</span>.4. 指示代词1）<span word="this">this</span>，<span word="that">that</span>，<span word="these">these</span>，<span word="those">those</span><span word="Whats">Whats</span> <span word="this">this</span>(<span word="that">that</span>)?<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="book">book</span>.<span word="What">What</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="these">these</span>(<span word="those">those</span>)?<span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="books">books</span>.<span word="this">this</span>和<span word="these">these</span>比较靠近，<span word="that">that</span>和<span word="those">those</span>稍远一点。2）<span word="it">it</span>的用法（1）指物：<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="robot">robot</span>.（2）指自然现象： <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="raining">raining</span> <span word="now">now</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="fine">fine</span> <span word="soon">soon</span>.（3）指时间：<span word="What">What</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="it">it</span>?<span word="Its">Its</span> 8 <span word="oclock">oclock</span>.（4）指距离：<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="twenty">twenty</span> <span word="minutes">minutes</span> <span word="walk">walk</span>.（5）作形式主语：<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="fight">fight</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span>.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="hour">hour</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="finish">finish</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="work">work</span>.<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="so">so</span>.（6）作形式宾语： <span word="We">We</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="relax">relax</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="time">time</span>.5. 不定代词1）<span word="some">some</span>，<span word="any">any</span><span word="some">some</span>用于肯定句中，<span word="any">any</span>用于否定句和疑问句中。如：<span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="pens">pens</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>.<span word="There">There</span> <span word="arent">arent</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="pens">pens</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>.<span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="pens">pens</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>?<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span>.<span word="Others">Others</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="English">English</span>.在表示请求、建议、反问等句子中，用<span word="some">some</span>而不是用<span word="any">any</span>。如：<span word="Would">Would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="drink">drink</span>?<span word="any">any</span>也可以表示任何一个。如：<span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="friends">friends</span>?<span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="questions">questions</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="me">me</span>.2）复合不定代词：<span word="something">something</span>， <span word="anything">anything</span>，<span word="nothing">nothing</span>，<span word="everything">everything</span>，<span word="somebody">somebody</span>，<span word="anybody">anybody</span>，<span word="nobody">nobody</span>，<span word="everybody">everybody</span>，<span word="someone">someone</span>，<span word="anyone">anyone</span>，<span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span>，<span word="everyone">everyone</span>，<span word="somewhere">somewhere</span>，<span word="anywhere">anywhere</span>，<span word="nowhere">nowhere</span>，<span word="everywhere">everywhere</span>这些不定代词都作单数，表示某物、某人、某地。（1）作主语：<span word="Someone">Someone</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="you">you</span>.<span word="No">No</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span>.（2）作宾语：<span word="Have">Have</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span>?<span word="Did">Did</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="else">else</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span>?（3）不定代词被形容词修饰时，定语放在它们的后面。如：<span word="Ive">Ive</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="you">you</span>.<span word="Theres">Theres</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span>.3）<span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span>，<span word="few">few</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span>，<span word="little">little</span>前两者修饰可数名词，后两者修饰不可数名词。<span word="few">few</span>，<span word="little">little</span>表示否定，意思是几乎没有；<span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span>表示肯定，意思是还有几个、有一点。如：<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="left">left</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="neednt">neednt</span> <span word="hurry">hurry</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="cant">cant</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="me">me</span>.4）<span word="both">both</span>（两者都，复数），<span word="all">all</span>（三者以上都，复数），<span word="neither">neither</span>（两者都不，单数），<span word="none">none</span>（三者以上都不，单复数），<span word="either">either</span>（两者中的一个，单数），<span word="both">both</span>...<span word="and">and</span>， <span word="neither">neither</span>...<span word="nor">nor</span>， <span word="either">either</span>...<span word="or">or</span>（1）作主语：<span word="Both">Both</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="twins">twins</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="doctors">doctors</span>.<span word="All">All</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="honest">honest</span>.<span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span>.<span word="None">None</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="is">is</span>/<span word="are">are</span> <span word="honest">honest</span>.（2）词组：<span word="Both">Both</span> <span word="Li">Li</span> <span word="Ping">Ping</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="students">students</span>.<span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="Li">Li</span> <span word="Ping">Ping</span> <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="student">student</span>.（3）作形容词：<span word="on">on</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="sides">sides</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="river">river</span><span word="on">on</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="side">side</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="river">river</span>注意下面句子转化：<span word="Both">Both</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="teachers">teachers</span>.改成否定句是： <span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>.<span word="All">All</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="students">students</span>.改成否定句是： <span word="None">None</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="student">student</span>. 或： <span word="None">None</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="students">students</span>.5）<span word="one">one</span> ...<span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span>(<span word="s">s</span>)表示一个其余的，是有范围的；<span word="some">some</span>...<span word="others">others</span> 表示一些另一些，是无范围的；<span word="another">another</span> 表示很多中的另一个，再个。如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="brothers">brothers</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="engineer">engineer</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="writer">writer</span>.<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="football">football</span>. <span word="Others">Others</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="basketball">basketball</span>.<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shelf">shelf</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="English">English</span>.<span word="She">She</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="hospital">hospital</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="weeks">weeks</span>.（她将在医院再住两星期。）</p>
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