中考英语复习重要考点详解：名词
<p> 一、知识点总结</p><p> 顾名思义，名词指的是表示事物名称的词，分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词包括人名、地名、时间名、报刊名、单位团地名等专有的名称，第一个字母大写，例如<span word="Lily">Lily</span>, <span word="China">China</span>, <span word="Sunday">Sunday</span>, <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Times">Times</span>, <span word="Class">Class</span> <span word="One">One</span>等。普通名词分为可数和不可数名词，可数名词表示一个的时候用单数形式，即原形，如<span word="a">a</span> <span word="box">box</span>. 表示一个以上用复数形式，如<span word="two">two</span> <span word="boxes">boxes</span>. 不可数名词一般没有复数形式，表示数量时要借助于<span word="a">a</span> <span word="piece">piece</span> <span word="of">of</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="glass">glass</span> <span word="of">of</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cup">cup</span> <span word="of">of</span>等短语，如<span word="two">two</span> <span word="pieces">pieces</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="paper">paper</span>.</p><p> 另外，名词中还涉及到名词所有格问题，名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系，有两种表示形式：一种是<span word="s">s</span>所有格，常表示有生命的事物，如<span word="Ann">Ann</span> 另一种是<span word="of">of</span>所有格,常表示无生命的事物， 如<span word="the">the</span> <span word="door">door</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span>.。</p><p> 注意：</p><p> 1.可数名词复数的规则变化：一般情况下在词尾加 <span word="s">s</span>.如<span word="map">map</span>-<span word="maps">maps</span>以字母<span word="s">s</span>,<span word="x">x</span> ,<span word="ch">ch</span> ,<span word="sh">sh</span>等结尾的名词加 <span word="es">es</span>,如 <span word="bus">bus</span>-<span word="buses">buses</span>,<span word="watch">watch</span>-<span word="watches">watches</span>以辅音字母+<span word="y">y</span>结尾的名词，先变<span word="y">y</span>为<span word="i">i</span>，再加<span word="es">es</span>.例词：<span word="country">country</span>-<span word="countries">countries</span>以 <span word="f">f</span>/<span word="fe">fe</span>一般变 <span word="f">f</span>/<span word="fe">fe</span>为<span word="v">v</span> 加<span word="es">es</span>,例词：<span word="leaf">leaf</span>-<span word="leaves">leaves</span>,<span word="thief">thief</span>-<span word="thieves">thieves</span>以 <span word="o">o</span>结尾的名词加<span word="s">s</span>或<span word="es">es</span>.对于初中阶段，以 <span word="o">o</span>结尾的表示有生命的名词加<span word="es">es</span>，如 <span word="tomato">tomato</span>-<span word="tomatoes">tomatoes</span>;以 <span word="o">o</span>结尾的表示无生命的名词加<span word="s">s</span> ,如<span word="zoo">zoo</span>-<span word="zoos">zoos</span>。</p><p> 2.可数名词复数的不规则变化：常见的不规则变化名词有<span word="man">man</span>-<span word="men">men</span>,<span word="woman">woman</span>-<span word="women">women</span>,<span word="child">child</span>-<span word="children">children</span>,<span word="ox">ox</span>-<span word="oxengoose">oxengoose</span>-<span word="geese">geese</span>,<span word="tooth">tooth</span>-<span word="teeth">teeth</span>,<span word="foot">foot</span>-<span word="feet">feet</span>,<span word="penny">penny</span>-<span word="pence">pence</span>,<span word="mouse">mouse</span>-<span word="miceChinese">miceChinese</span>-<span word="Chinese">Chinese</span>等。</p>
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