中考英语词语辨析(3)
<p> <span word="above">above</span>/<span word="over">over</span>/<span word="on">on</span>/<span word="upon">upon</span></p><p> Ⅰ. 方位介词，在之上</p><p> Ⅱ. <span word="above">above</span> 着重指：在上方，不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为：<span word="below">below</span>.</p><p> ① <span word="The">The</span> <span word="sun">sun</span> <span word="rose">rose</span> <span word="above">above</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="horizon">horizon</span>. 太阳升到了地平线上。</p><p> ② <span word="The">The</span> <span word="aero">aero</span> <span word="plane">plane</span> <span word="flew">flew</span> <span word="above">above</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="clouds">clouds</span>.飞机在云层上飞行。</p><p> Ⅲ.<span word="over">over</span> 表盖在上面，或铺在上面。此时不能用<span word="above">above</span>.代替。含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为<span word="under">under</span>.</p><p> ① <span word="Spread">Spread</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tablecloth">tablecloth</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="table">table</span>.把桌布铺在桌子上。</p><p> Ⅳ. <span word="on">on</span> 含有与表面相接触的意思。</p><p> ① <span word="The">The</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>.</p><p> ② <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="oil">oil</span> <span word="painting">painting</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wall">wall</span>. 墙上有一幅油画。</p><p> Ⅴ.<span word="upon">upon</span> 也含有和表面相接触的意思。与<span word="on">on</span>没有多大的区别，但较正式，口语中较少用。</p><p> ① <span word="He">He</span> <span word="laid">laid</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="upon">upon</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boys">boys</span> <span word="head">head</span>. 他把手放在孩子的头上。</p><p> [注] <span word="up">up</span> 与以上几个不同，它表示向上方或高处，含有由下而上，由低而高的意思。常和表示运动的动词连用。作副词时，表示在上方或高处。</p><p> ① <span word="We">We</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hill">hill</span>. 我们跑上山。</p><p> ② <span word="The">The</span> <span word="plane">plane</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="air">air</span>.飞机在高空中。</p><p> <span word="accident">accident</span>/<span word="incident">incident</span> 事故</p><p> Ⅰ. <span word="accident">accident</span> 可以表示事故，指不幸的意外事件。也表偶然的事件。</p>
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