中考英语词语辨析(33)
<p> <span word="at">at</span>/ <span word="beside">beside</span>/ <span word="by">by</span>/ <span word="near">near</span></p><p> Ⅰ. <span word="at">at</span> 靠近往往动作联系，意味着有目的、有意识的靠近，而<span word="by">by</span>, <span word="beside">beside</span>, <span word="near">near</span>只意味着就靠近而言。如：</p><p> ① <span word="He">He</span> <span word="sat">sat</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="read">read</span>, 他坐到桌边，想看书。</p><p> Ⅱ. <span word="beside">beside</span> 在旁边；<span word="by">by</span> = <span word="just">just</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="side">side</span> <span word="of">of</span> 就在旁边。两者一般可通用。但<span word="by">by</span> 比<span word="beside">beside</span>语势较强些，并多用于日常用语中。如：</p><p> ① <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hospital">hospital</span> <span word="beside">beside</span> / <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="river">river</span>. 河边有一家医院。</p><p> [注]：指在某人身边时，常多用<span word="beside">beside</span>. <span word="Eg">Eg</span>:</p><p> ① <span word="The">The</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="standing">standing</span> <span word="beside">beside</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="mother">mother</span>.</p><p> Ⅲ. <span word="near">near</span> 在附近或离不远，它表示的距离要比<span word="by">by</span> / <span word="beside">beside</span> 来得远些。如：</p><p> ① <span word="We">We</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="near">near</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sea">sea</span>.我们住在海边。（表离海边有些距离）</p><p> ② <span word="We">We</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="by">by</span> / <span word="beside">beside</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sea">sea</span>.我们就住在海边。（表海就在身边）。</p><p> <span word="at">at</span>/ <span word="in">in</span></p><p> Ⅰ. <span word="at">at</span> 和 <span word="in">in</span> 都可用在地点名词前，用<span word="at">at</span> 时是把该地方视为一点，用<span word="in">in</span>时则是把该地方看成一个范围。如：</p><p> ① <span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="classmates">classmates</span> <span word="playing">playing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="park">park</span>? 你的同学都在公园里玩吗？</p><p> ② <span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="park">park</span>. 他们在公园附近（里面）等你。</p><p> Ⅱ. <span word="at">at</span>; <span word="in">in</span><span word="on">on</span> 都可用在表时间的名词前。在点时间前用<span word="at">at</span>; 在表某一天或某一天的某个段时间（<span word="morning">morning</span>, <span word="evening">evening</span>, <span word="day">day</span>, <span word="night">night</span> <span word="atc">atc</span>）名词前，用<span word="on">on</span>; 在段时间名词前（星期；年；月；周等）用<span word="in">in</span>. 如：</p>
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