初中英语语法精挑细讲之非谓语动词
<p> 非谓语动词</p><p> 1．定义：动词除在句子中作谓语以外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等，这就是动词的非谓语动词。可分为三种：动词不定式、分词和动名词。</p><p> 2．动词不定式：<span word="to">to</span> ＋ 动词原形。</p><p> ○1 一般式：主动语态：<span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> , 被动语态：<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> + 动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)</p><p> ○2 进行式：主动语态：<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> , 被动语态：无 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)</p><p> ○3 完成式：主动语态：<span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> +动词过去分词，被动语态：<span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)</p><p> ○4 用法：</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>． 作主语：<span word="To">To</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> . = <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="language">language</span> .</p><p> <span word="B">B</span>． 作表语：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="finish">finish</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="time">time</span> .</p><p> <span word="C">C</span>． 作宾语：</p><p> <span word="a">a</span>. 动词＋<span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> . <span word="He">He</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="watch">watch</span> . (<span word="agree">agree</span>, <span word="choose">choose</span>, <span word="want">want</span>, <span word="hope">hope</span>, <span word="like">like</span>, <span word="wish">wish</span>, <span word="learn">learn</span>, <span word="love">love</span>, <span word="plan">plan</span>, <span word="try">try</span>, <span word="start">start</span>, <span word="afford">afford</span> )</p><p> <span word="b">b</span>. 动词＋疑问词＋<span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bike">bike</span> .</p><p> <span word="c">c</span>. 动词＋形式宾语(<span word="it">it</span>)＋宾补＋<span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="language">language</span> .</p>
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