初中英语语法几大基本时态讲与练（3）
<p> 一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解：1)过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。<span word="e">e</span>.<span word="g">g</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="shirt">shirt</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="worker">worker</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>.2)过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。<span word="e">e</span>.<span word="g">g</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="child">child</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="played">played</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="fire">fire</span>. <span word="Li">Li</span> <span word="Lei">Lei</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="walked">walked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="term">term</span>.3)谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。<span word="e">e</span>.<span word="g">g</span>. <span word="Lu">Lu</span> <span word="Xun">Xun</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="writer">writer</span>.4)有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。<span word="e">e</span>.<span word="g">g</span>. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="say">say</span>?</p><p> 另外，还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。<span word="e">e</span>.<span word="g">g</span>. <span word="Could">Could</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="lend">lend</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="pen">pen</span>?</p><p> 其结构是主语+动词的过去式。<span word="be">be</span>动词的过去式为<span word="was">was</span>, <span word="were">were</span>;行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几种情况：1)直接在动词原形末尾加-<span word="ed">ed</span>. <span word="e">e</span>.<span word="g">g</span>. <span word="work">work</span>-----<span word="worked">worked</span>; <span word="ask">ask</span>------<span word="asked">asked</span>; 2)以<span word="e">e</span>结尾的动词只加-<span word="d">d</span>. <span word="e">e</span>.<span word="g">g</span>. <span word="arrive">arrive</span>-----<span word="arrived">arrived</span>; <span word="like">like</span>-----<span word="liked">liked</span>.3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-<span word="ed">ed</span>. <span word="e">e</span>.<span word="g">g</span>. <span word="shop">shop</span>-----<span word="shopped">shopped</span>; 4)以辅音字母+<span word="y">y</span>结尾的动词,先把<span word="y">y</span>变成<span word="i">i</span>,再加-<span word="ed">ed</span>. <span word="e">e</span>.<span word="g">g</span>. <span word="carry">carry</span>----<span word="carried">carried</span>; <span word="study">study</span>------<span word="studied">studied</span>.有些动词变过去式是不规则的,<span word="e">e</span>.<span word="g">g</span>. <span word="fly">fly</span>------<span word="flew">flew</span>; <span word="break">break</span>-----<span word="broke">broke</span>; <span word="teach">teach</span>-----<span word="taught">taught</span>. 这些需要象生单词一样记住.</p><p> 其句式变化分为两种情况1)含有<span word="be">be</span>动词的依然在<span word="be">be</span>上做文章. <span word="e">e</span>.<span word="g">g</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="born">born</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1980. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="born">born</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1980. <span word="Were">Were</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="born">born</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1980? 2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词<span word="didnt">didnt</span>.,同时把动词变成原形; 变一般疑问句,在句首加助动词<span word="did">did</span>,同时把动词变成原形. <span word="e">e</span>.<span word="g">g</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="gift">gift</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="mum">mum</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="gift">gift</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="mum">mum</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. <span word="Did">Did</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="gift">gift</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="mum">mum</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>?</p>
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