英语翻译技巧之“综合法”
<p> 综合法。上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法, 事实上,在翻译一个英语长句时, 并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法, 而是要求我们把各种方法综合使用, 这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。尤其是在一些情况下, 一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便, 这就需要我们的仔细分析, 或按照时间的先后,或按照逻辑顺序, 顺逆结合, 主次分明地对全句进行综合处理,以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。例如:</p><p> 例1. <span word="People">People</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="afraid">afraid</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="houses">houses</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="although">although</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="police">police</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="ordered">ordered</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="emergency">emergency</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="confused">confused</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="helpless">helpless</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="anybody">anybody</span> <span word="else">else</span>.</p><p> 该句共有三层含义: </p><p> <span word="A">A</span>: 人们不敢出门; </p><p> <span word="B">B</span>: 尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况;</p><p> <span word="C">C</span>: 警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。</p><p> 在这三层含义中, <span word="B">B</span>表示让步, <span word="C">C</span>表示原因, 而<span word="A">A</span>则表示结果, 按照汉语习惯顺序, 我们作如下的安排:</p><p> 尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况, 但人们不敢出门, 因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。</p><p> 下面我们再举几个例子:</p><p> 例2. <span word="Modern">Modern</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="technical">technical</span> <span word="books">books</span>, <span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="textbooks">textbooks</span>, <span word="requires">requires</span> <span word="revision">revision</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="short">short</span> ◎<span word="intervals">intervals</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="wish">wish</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="pace">pace</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span>, <span word="observations">observations</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="discoveries">discoveries</span>.</p>
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