否定句式在汉译英中的常见错误及分析
<p> 英语和汉语在否定的表达形式上存在着许多差异，我国学生往往会以中国人的思维方式和习惯用法去套英语，这样在汉译英时难免会出现一些错误。部分常见的错误举例如下：</p><p> 1、未经允许，任何人不得入内。</p><p> 误：<span word="Anybody">Anybody</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="permission">permission</span>.</p><p> 正：<span word="Nobody">Nobody</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="permission">permission</span>.</p><p> “任何……不”是汉语中常用的否定句式，而在英语中与<span word="any">any</span>构成的合成词或被<span word="any">any</span>修饰的词语作主语时，谓语动词不能用否定式，因此<span word="any">any</span> …… <span word="not">not</span>的表达形式不符合英语的习惯。翻译这类句子时须用“否定形式的主语 肯定形式的谓语”。但当<span word="any">any</span>的合成词或<span word="any">any</span>所修饰的词带有后置定语时，谓语可以用否定式，如：</p><p> 干那种事的人都是不诚实的。 <span word="Anyone">Anyone</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="isn">isn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="honest">honest</span>.</p><p> 2、听到这个消息后，没有一个人不感到兴奋。</p><p> 误：<span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span>, <span word="nobody">nobody</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="excited">excited</span>.</p><p> 正：<span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span>, <span word="everybody">everybody</span> <span word="felt">felt</span> <span word="excited">excited</span>.</p><p> 汉语中常用“没有 主语 不 谓语”这一双重否定的结构，而英语中否定形式的主语习惯上不能与否定形式的谓语连用。因此<span word="nobody">nobody</span>…… <span word="not">not</span>的结构不符合英语的表达习惯。翻译这类句子时，（1）可把主语和谓语都改成肯定形式；(2)也可用另一结构的双重否定式：<span word="there">there</span> <span word="be">be</span> 否定的主语 否定形式的定语从句，如：</p>
页:
[1]