中考英语:不可缺少的宾语补足语
<p> 在英语的句子中，有些动词除一个宾语外，句意还不完整，必须加上宾语补足语才能将句意表达完整，因此宾语补足语是许多句子不可缺少的一部分，是句子的主要成分。这样的句型为：主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语。</p><p> 常用的及物动词有：<span word="think">think</span>，<span word="make">make</span>，<span word="have">have</span>，<span word="get">get</span>,<span word="consider">consider</span>，<span word="find">find</span>，<span word="call">call</span>，<span word="let">let</span>等。如：<span word="They">They</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="someone">someone</span>.</p><p> 宾语补足语的几种类型：1.名词作宾语补足语<span word="We">We</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bright">bright</span> <span word="boy">boy</span>.<span word="They">They</span> <span word="call">call</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="XiaoZhang">XiaoZhang</span>.2.形容词及短语作宾语补足语<span word="I">I</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dog">dog</span> <span word="dead">dead</span>.<span word="Exercise">Exercise</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="healthy">healthy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="strong">strong</span>.3.不定式及其短语作宾语补足语<span word="She">She</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="asks">asks</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="English">English</span>.注：在使役动词<span word="make">make</span>，<span word="let">let</span>，<span word="have">have</span>及 <span word="see">see</span>，<span word="watch">watch</span>，<span word="notice">notice</span>，<span word="observe">observe</span>，<span word="hear">hear</span>，<span word="listen">listen</span> <span word="to">to</span>，<span word="find">find</span>，<span word="feel">feel</span>等动词后的宾语补足语可用不定式，但不定式不可加<span word="to">to</span>。<span word="Nobody">Nobody</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="cry">cry</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="help">help</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boys">boys</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="basketball">basketball</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="school">school</span>.4.现在分词及其短语作宾语补足语<span word="The">The</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="caught">caught</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="cheating">cheating</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="exam">exam</span>.<span word="They">They</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="hear">hear</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="practising">practising</span> <span word="speaking">speaking</span> <span word="English">English</span>.5.过去分词及短语作宾语补足语<span word="He">He</span> <span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="voice">voice</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="himself">himself</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="clearly">clearly</span>.<span word="When">When</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="downstairs">downstairs</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="bike">bike</span> <span word="stolen">stolen</span>.6.<span word="as">as</span>引出的宾语补足语<span word="We">We</span> <span word="consider">consider</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="writer">writer</span>.<span word="We">We</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="tool">tool</span>.7.介词短语作宾语补足语<span word="Please">Please</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="yourself">yourself</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="illness">illness</span> <span word="kept">kept</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="bed">bed</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="month">month</span>.8.副词作宾语补足语<span word="Did">Did</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="in">in</span>?<span word="She">She</span> <span word="ordered">ordered</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="away">away</span>.9.从句作宾语补足语<span word="We">We</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="now">now</span>.注：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后，而用<span word="it">it</span>作句子的形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="smoke">smoke</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="public">public</span>.</p>
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