初中英语语法 走出“主谓一致”的三大误区
<p> 句子的核心是谓语动词，谓语动词的确定取决于主语。</p><p> 根据句子含义和结构认准主语是掌握主谓一致的必要条件；弄清主谓一致的语言规则和习惯是掌握主谓一致的充分条件，要正确使用主谓一致，两个条件缺一不可，但同学们往往会走入以下三大误区。</p><p> 误区一 误认主语</p><p> 1. 倒装句</p><p> ①<span word="Between">Between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="tree">tree</span>. （）</p><p> ②<span word="Between">Between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="tree">tree</span>. （）</p><p> 【解析】 第①句谓语动词使用<span word="are">are</span>，错误地认为<span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span>是该句的主语，但实际上是介词<span word="between">between</span>的宾语，一起构成介词短语，而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句，真正主语是<span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="tree">tree</span>。因此第②句正确。</p><p> 特别提醒 倒装句的常见结构：副词/介词短语+谓语+主语</p><p> 2. 主语之后带有介词短语</p><p> ①<span word="The">The</span> <span word="fruit">fruit</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="apples">apples</span> , <span word="oranges">oranges</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="health">health</span>. （）</p><p> ②<span word="The">The</span> <span word="fruit">fruit</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="apples">apples</span> , <span word="oranges">oranges</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="health">health</span>. （）</p><p> 【解析】 第①句误认为<span word="apples">apples</span> , <span word="oranges">oranges</span>是主语，因此谓语动词用<span word="are">are</span>，而实际上<span word="the">the</span> <span word="fruit">fruit</span>才是该句的主语，<span word="like">like</span> <span word="apples">apples</span> , <span word="oranges">oranges</span>是介词短语作后置定语修饰<span word="the">the</span> <span word="fruit">fruit</span>。该句译为像苹果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是有好处的。因此第②句是正确的。</p>
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