学会如何猜测词义 提升中考阅读水平(二)
<p> 五、并列平行结构</p><p> 它表示意义上的并列或相似关系。表示并列关系的词语为<span word="and">and</span>, <span word="similarly">similarly</span>, <span word="like">like</span>, <span word="just">just</span> <span word="as">as</span>, <span word="also">also</span>, <span word="etc">etc</span>.</p><p> 例一：<span word="A">A</span> <span word="childs">childs</span> <span word="birthday">birthday</span> <span word="party">party</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hassle">hassle</span>; <span word="it">it</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="basket">basket</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fun">fun</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Beth">Beth</span> <span word="Anacleria">Anacleria</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="Evaston">Evaston</span> <span word="mother">mother</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="two">two</span>, <span word="aged">aged</span> 4 <span word="and">and</span> 18 <span word="months">months</span>.</p><p> 分号前后为两个并列平行的分句，后一句意为生日聚会可以充满快乐、乐趣，我们可以推测<span word="hassle">hassle</span>意为混乱。</p><p> 例二：<span word="First">First</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="forward">forward</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="French">French</span> <span word="mathematician">mathematician</span> <span word="Pierre">Pierre</span> <span word="de">de</span> <span word="Fermat">Fermat</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="seventeenth">seventeenth</span> <span word="century">century</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="theorem">theorem</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="baffled">baffled</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="beaten">beaten</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="finest">finest</span> <span word="mathematical">mathematical</span> <span word="minds">minds</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="French">French</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="scientist">scientist</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="advance">advance</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="dress">dress</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Ecole">Ecole</span> <span word="Polytechnique">Polytechnique</span>.</p><p> <span word="baffled">baffled</span> 和<span word="beaten">beaten</span>为并列平行关系，根据<span word="beaten">beaten</span>可以推测出<span word="baffled">baffled</span>意为难倒，使受挫，阻碍之意。</p><p> 例三：<span word="John">John</span> <span word="loves">loves</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="talk">talk</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="sisters">sisters</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="similarly">similarly</span> <span word="loquacious">loquacious</span>.</p><p> 根据<span word="and">and</span>和<span word="similarly">similarly</span>判定短语<span word="loves">loves</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="talk">talk</span> 和<span word="loquacious">loquacious</span>.之间为同义比较，意为健谈的。</p><p> 六、因果关系</p><p> 它也是推测词义的一种重要方式。我们可以通过结果推测原因，亦可通过原因推测结果。</p><p> 例句：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="homesick">homesick</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="years">years</span>.</p>
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