学会如何猜测词义 提升中考阅读水平(三)
<p> 十、同义词的替代关系</p><p> 例句：<span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opportunity">opportunity</span>, <span word="Mr">Mr</span>. <span word="Tritt">Tritt</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="steal">steal</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="customer">customer</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="endangered">endangered</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="position">position</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bank">bank</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="jeopardize">jeopardize</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="future">future</span>.</p><p> 为避免重复使用<span word="endanger">endanger</span>一词， 用同义词<span word="jeopardize">jeopardize</span>来替代它, 我们推知<span word="jeopardize">jeopardize</span>词义为使陷入危险，危及，危害。</p><p> 十一、利用主系表结构来猜词</p><p> 主系表结构的句子有两种功能：一是说明主语的形状和特征；二是主语和表语是同位关系。</p><p> 例一：<span word="To">To</span> <span word="malign">malign</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="slander">slander</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="innocent">innocent</span> <span word="person">person</span>.</p><p> 表语意为诽谤无辜的人， 那样主语就是中伤，诽谤的意思。</p><p> 例二：<span word="Insomnia">Insomnia</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="inability">inability</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="falling">falling</span> <span word="asleep">asleep</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="sleeping">sleeping</span> <span word="restlessly">restlessly</span>.</p><p> 表语意为睡不着，主语<span word="Insomnia">Insomnia</span>无疑就是失眠了。</p><p> 十二、生活常识</p><p> 根据日常生活中的常识和相关的背景知识，大胆想象，合理发挥，推测出生词的含义。</p><p> 例一：<span word="Warm">Warm</span>-<span word="blooded">blooded</span> <span word="desert">desert</span> <span word="animals">animals</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="rats">rats</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="mice">mice</span>, <span word="rest">rest</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span>, <span word="often">often</span> <span word="staying">staying</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="cool">cool</span> <span word="underground">underground</span> <span word="burrows">burrows</span>.</p><p> 根据常识我们知道鼠类一般藏在洞里，因此生词<span word="burrows">burrows</span>的意思为地洞，洞穴。</p><p> 例二：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="snake">snake</span> <span word="slithered">slithered</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="grass">grass</span>.</p>
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