谈谈英语写作中的时态和语态
<p> 动词常在句中作谓语。而谓语则是句子的核心部分，这一部分能否正确地使用直接地影响他人对于句子意思的理解。因而学习写作的时候，一定要注意使用正确的时态和语态。使用动词时，应注意把握如下几个方面：</p><p> 1. 学会根据动作发生的不同时间使用不同的时态。如：</p><p> 我不知道你在北京。</p><p> 误：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span>.</p><p> 正：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span>.</p><p> 析：本例的不知道所用的时态是一般过去时，表示过去的情况。这时，其相应的宾语从句中的时态因受到主句谓语动词的影响，也应用一般过去时。</p><p> 电话铃响了，我去接电话。</p><p> 误：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="telephone">telephone</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="ringing">ringing</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="it">it</span>.</p><p> 正：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="telephone">telephone</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="ringing">ringing</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="it">it</span>.</p><p> 析：在表示一些临时性作出的决定时，要用<span word="will">will</span>构成的一般将来时表示</p><p> 2. 掌握各种时态的相应的构成方式。如：</p><p> 我已经做完了家庭作业。</p><p> 误：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="homework">homework</span>.</p><p> 正：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="homework">homework</span>. (<span word="from">from</span> <span word="www">www</span>.<span word="nmet">nmet</span>168.<span word="com">com</span>)</p><p> 析：主语是单数第一人称时，不可用助动词<span word="has">has</span>来构成现在完成时，而要助动词<span word="have">have</span>+过去分词来构成现在完成时态。</p>
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