雅思口试中会遇到的问题及应对策略
<p> 1. 雅思口语考试的评分标准 雅思口语考试的基本模式和程序在此就不加赘述了，主要从评分标准的角度进行分析。雅思口试有四大评分标准，分别是： （1）流利与连贯性（<span word="Fluency">Fluency</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Coherence">Coherence</span>） 流利是指考生谈话的流畅程度，主要是话语连续、语素和音调顺畅等。连贯性是指考生话能达意，能较好的组织语言表达意思，思路清晰有逻辑性。 （2）词汇运用能力（<span word="Lexical">Lexical</span> <span word="Resources">Resources</span>） 即考生准确运用词汇的能力和词汇量。 （3）语法掌握范围与准确性（<span word="Grammatical">Grammatical</span> <span word="Range">Range</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Accuracy">Accuracy</span>） 考生对五种基本时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般讲来时、现在进行时和现在完成时）、基本句型等语法结构的运用能力。 （4）语音（<span word="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</span>） 主要的要求是：发音清晰、准确，以及重音和语调的使用是否得当。 2． 原因分析 朗阁专家分析认为，在四大评分标准中，中国考生的主要问题集中在第一项（连贯性）以及第三项（语法掌握范围与准确性）。 在连贯性方面具体的问题有以下几点： （1）言之无物 无论在口试的第一部分和第二部分，很多考生或学生在回答问题时喜欢说些空洞范围的大话。比如： <span word="Q">Q</span>：<span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="special">special</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="Spring">Spring</span> <span word="Festival">Festival</span>? <span word="A">A</span>：<span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="festival">festival</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="special">special</span>. <span word="Q">Q</span>: <span word="What">What</span> <span word="sport">sport</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="play">play</span>? <span word="A">A</span>1：<span word="Basketball">Basketball</span>.（答案过于简略，回答不够充分） <span word="A">A</span>2：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="basketball">basketball</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fun">fun</span> <span word="game">game</span>. <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="friends">friends</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="basketball">basketball</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="school">school</span>. （2）答非所问 许多的考生在口试中滔滔不绝的讲了许多，然而最终的成绩却不理想。原因之一就是离题或者跑题。除了在写作中，跑题现象在口语中也经常发生，甚至更易发生。主要有两种情况：一是正确理解了问题，但是答案结构松散，与所问的问题不相及。比如刚才出现的那个问题： <span word="Q">Q</span>：<span word="What">What</span> <span word="sport">sport</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="play">play</span>? <span word="A">A</span>；<span word="I">I</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="basketball">basketball</span>. <span word="Basketball">Basketball</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="sport">sport</span>. <span word="Yao">Yao</span> <span word="Ming">Ming</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="player">player</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="rich">rich</span>. 二是对问题的理解有偏差而造成回答偏题。例如：<span word="Describe">Describe</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="piece">piece</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="music">music</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="like">like</span>.有的考生便开始大谈<span word="pop">pop</span> <span word="music">music</span>，却没有注意到题目的要求其实是<span word="a">a</span> <span word="piece">piece</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="music">music</span>。 （3）句序混乱，缺少关联词 连贯性标准的考查也包含了逻辑能力的表现。先来看下列例子： <span word="Q">Q</span>：<span word="Can">Can</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="family">family</span>? <span word="A">A</span>: <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> 5 <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="family">family</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="city">city</span>. <span word="My">My</span> <span word="brother">brother</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="driver">driver</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="student">student</span>. <span word="My">My</span> <span word="sister">sister</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="nurse">nurse</span>. <span word="My">My</span> <span word="mother">mother</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>. <span word="My">My</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>, <span word="too">too</span>. 以上的答案从逻辑的角度来说较为混乱。完全可以条理化之：<span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> 5 <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="family">family</span>. <span word="Both">Both</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="teachers">teachers</span>. <span word="My">My</span> <span word="brother">brother</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="driver">driver</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="sister">sister</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="nurse">nurse</span>. （4）句型单一 其实刚才的例子中既有连贯性的问题，亦是属于语法的问题，6句话均是简单句。这种现象在学生，尤其是基础班的学生中极为普遍。 3． 针对以上问题的解决方式： 雅思口试的形式和内容，尤其是第二部分<span word="Long">Long</span>-<span word="run">run</span>，是中国学生相当陌生的。所以准备工作相当重要。而准备的关键就是在理解题意的前提下做出有针对性的回答并且扩充答案。 第一，在平时的练习中就可以有意识的针对<span word="where">where</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="why">why</span>等方面补充信息。 第二，在准备答案时，尽量回忆一些个人经历的有趣的事例或者是新颖的想法。 第三，多使用多元化句型：简单句、复合句、复杂句等结合出现。要培养自己在正确使用简单句和复合句的基础上能适当使用基本的修饰性从句，如定语从句等。但是要注意避免为了寻求信息充分和使用复合句的能力而添加无用的信息或使用过于冗长和复杂的句子（如：<span word="My">My</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="short">short</span>-<span word="haired">haired</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="medium">medium</span>-<span word="built">built</span> <span word="likes">likes</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="works">works</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="worker">worker</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="state">state</span>-<span word="owned">owned</span> <span word="factory">factory</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="located">located</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span>, <span word="China">China</span>.）。 第四，要注意例文的学习。有经验的雅思口语考官对于口语答案模版相当熟悉，考生一旦被察觉在考试中是在背诵材料，得分就会受到影响。所以朗阁专家在此强调不提倡全篇背诵范文。但是，这并不意味着不能看范文。事实上恰恰相反，不时地学习一些范文和范例，并针对那些例子进行分析，是颇有价值也是非常必要的，有助于考生更好地了解什么样的答案是恰当的、充分的、符合要求的。认清了目标，才有可能向那个方向更好的努力和发展。</p>
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