七招搞定雅思阅读拦路虎生词
<p> 阅读文章对读者而言有很大难度，关键在于对词，句，篇章的理解与把握。在阅读文章时人们遇到最头痛的问题就是生词。本文就在阅读中如何理解生词进行讨论帮助读者更好地理解雅思文章。</p><p> 一、利用定义式线索进行猜测</p><p> 定义是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或 词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜测词义比较容易。例如:<span word="Kinetic">Kinetic</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="moving">moving</span> <span word="particles">particles</span>. <span word="Kinetic">Kinetic</span> <span word="enegry">enegry</span> 可能是生词，由定义可知，表语是说明主语性质内容的。所以<span word="kinetic">kinetic</span> <span word="energy">energy</span>就是运动粒子的能量。再如<span word="Typhoons">Typhoons</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="cyclones">cyclones</span>，<span word="storms">storms</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="strong">strong</span> <span word="winds">winds</span> <span word="rotating">rotating</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="low">low</span>-<span word="pressure">pressure</span> <span word="center">center</span>.如果<span word="cyclones">cyclones</span>是生词，推断该词义的线索就是其后面的解释绕低气压中心形成的暴风雨由此我们可知<span word="cyclones">cyclones</span>的意思是绕低气压中心形成的暴风雨。在这种解释中定义句的谓语动词多为：<span word="be">be</span>, <span word="mean">mean</span>, <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="with">with</span>, <span word="be">be</span> <span word="considered">considered</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>, <span word="refer">refer</span> <span word="to">to</span>, <span word="be">be</span> <span word="called">called</span>, <span word="be">be</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span>, <span word="define">define</span>, <span word="represent">represent</span>, <span word="signify">signify</span>, <span word="constitute">constitute</span>等。</p><p> 二、根据进一步阐述猜测词义</p><p> 虽然进一步阐述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使我们猜出生词的词义。复述部分可以是适当的词，短语或者句子。例如<span word="Experts">Experts</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="kinesics">kinesics</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="motion">motion</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="related">related</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="speech">speech</span> ,<span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="discover">discover</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="methods">methods</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="communications">communications</span>. 逗号中短语的意思是对肢体语言进行研究的学科。短语与前面生词<span word="kinesics">kinesics</span>是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出<span word="kinesics">kinesics</span>指肢体语言学。在这种复述当中,构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。另外同位语前还常有<span word="or">or</span>, <span word="similarly">similarly</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="words">words</span>, <span word="namely">namely</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="other">other</span>, 等副词或短语出现。另外一种会以定语从句的形式出现如从句<span word="Obesity">Obesity</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="disorder">disorder</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="affects">affects</span> <span word="approximately">approximately</span> 20-30% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="America">America</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="excessive">excessive</span> <span word="accumulation">accumulation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="fat">fat</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="storage">storage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="excess">excess</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="calories">calories</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bodys">bodys</span> <span word="fat">fat</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>. 根据生词<span word="obesity">obesity</span>后面的非限制性定语从句<span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="disorder">disorder</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="affects">affects</span> <span word="approximately">approximately</span> 20-30% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="America">America</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="excessive">excessive</span> <span word="accumulation">accumulation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="fat">fat</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="storage">storage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="excess">excess</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="calories">calories</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bodys">bodys</span> <span word="fat">fat</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>. 我们可以推断出 <span word="obesity">obesity</span>的含义，即过度肥胖。</p>
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