语言递归性与雅思阅读答题技能探析
<p> 一、引言</p><p> 递归(<span word="recursion">recursion</span>)是递归论(<span word="recursive">recursive</span> <span word="theory">theory</span>)中的一个术语。递归论亦称递归函数论或能行性理论，是数理逻辑中研究可计算性理论(<span word="computability">computability</span> <span word="theory">theory</span>)的分支，它通过对数论函数的研究深刻揭示能行过程的本质。递归的实质是指一种循环结构，它把较复杂情形的计算，递次地归结为较简单直至最简单情形的计算，并得到计算结果为止。本文拟探讨语言递归性在雅思阅读文章中的体现及其对答题思路的启示。</p><p> 二、语言递归的层次和方式</p><p> 在英语测试中，对语篇递归性及其不同形式的认识和把握将直接影响到应试答题的效率。试举一个简单的例子，在英语听力测试中有这样一段对话：</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>: <span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> <span word="tonight">tonight</span>?</p><p> <span word="B">B</span>: <span word="Can">Can</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="guest">guest</span>?</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>: <span word="Male">Male</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="female">female</span>?</p><p> <span word="B">B</span>: <span word="What">What</span> <span word="difference">difference</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="make">make</span>?</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>: <span word="An">An</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="balance">balance</span>.</p><p> <span word="B">B</span>: <span word="Female">Female</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>: <span word="Sure">Sure</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span>.</p><p> <span word="B">B</span>: <span word="I">I</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="there">there</span>.</p><p> 相邻对是会话的基本组成单位。会话的典型话轮模式之一是提问(<span word="Q">Q</span>)- 回答(<span word="A">A</span>)。以上对话就是几个相邻对层层相套(从属内嵌)，其结构形式可以表示为：<span word="Q">Q</span>1<span word="A">A</span>3)<span word="A">A</span>2)<span word="A">A</span>1，这就是语篇的从属递归。在听力测试中，考生往往对(<span word="Q">Q</span>1-<span word="A">A</span>1)(<span word="Q">Q</span>2-<span word="A">A</span>2)(<span word="Q">Q</span>3-<span word="A">A</span>3)(<span word="QnAn">QnAn</span>)这样的并列递归模式过于依赖，不熟悉或是忽略了基于从属内嵌模式的话轮转换技巧，对话轮的语意转换产生错误的预判，从而严重影响了听力理解和答题的能力。</p>
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