雅思口语中的虚拟语气
<p> 雅思口语中的虚拟语气 说话的内在逻辑性就是需要语法来支撑，在雅思口语考试方面，若能使用比较高级一点的语法，定能加分不少，所以，今天雅思小编为你带来《雅思口语中的虚拟语气》，希望对你的口语有所帮助。 虚拟语气这一语法是雅思考试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 虚拟语气有很多种，上海环球雅思的周郁郁老师将在本文中仅陈述雅思口语中常出现的3种虚拟语气。 一、用<span word="if">if</span>条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其<span word="if">if</span> 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式，主句用<span word="would">would</span>/ <span word="should">should</span>/ <span word="could">could</span>/ <span word="might">might</span> +动词原形，例如：<span word="If">If</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="position">position</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="marry">marry</span> <span word="her">her</span>. ② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，<span word="if">if</span> 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即<span word="had">had</span>+过去分词，主句用<span word="would">would</span> / <span word="should">should</span> / <span word="could">could</span> / <span word="might">might</span> + <span word="have">have</span> +过去分词，例如：<span word="If">If</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="rained">rained</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="played">played</span> <span word="tennis">tennis</span>. ③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：<span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="followed">followed</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="said">said</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="painful">painful</span> <span word="now">now</span>.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。 二、除了表示虚假条件外，<span word="if">if</span>从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的<span word="if">if</span>从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。<span word="If">If</span>从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用<span word="were">were</span> <span word="to">to</span> / <span word="should">should</span> +动词原形，主句用<span word="would">would</span> / <span word="should">should</span> /<span word="could">could</span>/ <span word="might">might</span> +动词原形，例如：<span word="Jean">Jean</span> <span word="doesnt">doesnt</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="thinks">thinks</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="wouldnt">wouldnt</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="friends">friends</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="often">often</span>. 三、有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、<span word="be">be</span>或<span word="have">have</span>的虚拟条件句中的连词<span word="if">if</span> 省去，而将<span word="had">had</span> , <span word="should">should</span>, <span word="were">were</span> 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构,这时候，如果出现<span word="not">not</span>等否定词，否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用，但频频出现在各类考试中出现，例如：<span word="If">If</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="rained">rained</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="played">played</span> <span word="tennis">tennis</span>. 雅思口语中的虚拟语气问题 <span word="Part">Part</span> 1<span word="Part">Part</span> 3 1. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="money">money</span>, <span word="what">what</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="collect">collect</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="future">future</span>? 【参考答案】<span word="If">If</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="money">money</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="collect">collect</span> <span word="cars">cars</span>, <span word="maybe">maybe</span> <span word="Ferraris">Ferraris</span>. 2. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="government">government</span>, <span word="how">how</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="solve">solve</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="housing">housing</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="country">country</span>? 【参考答案】<span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="government">government</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="simply">simply</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="houses">houses</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="suburb">suburb</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="sell">sell</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="prices">prices</span>. 3. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="parent">parent</span>, <span word="would">would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="restaurants">restaurants</span>? 【参考答案】<span word="If">If</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="parent">parent</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="definitely">definitely</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="restaurant">restaurant</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="enjoy">enjoy</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="styles">styles</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="food">food</span>. 4. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="room">room</span>, <span word="what">what</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="change">change</span>? 【参考答案】<span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="room">room</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="bed">bed</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="takes">takes</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="space">space</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="one">one</span>. 5. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="opportunity">opportunity</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="language">language</span>, <span word="what">what</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="choose">choose</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span>? 【参考答案】<span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="opportunity">opportunity</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="language">language</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="choose">choose</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="French">French</span>. <span word="Part">Part</span> 2 <span word="Describe">Describe</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="ideal">ideal</span> <span word="job">job</span>. <span word="You">You</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="say">say</span>: <span word="What">What</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="What">What</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="And">And</span> <span word="explain">explain</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 【思路分析】 工作话题在雅思口语考试三部分都出现过，第一部分主要是要求学生用到一般现在时、一般过去时和将来时，很少有用虚拟语气的。以上题目是第二部分的考题，就描述一个工作自己想做的工作应该不会太难，但是本题要求学生大量用到虚拟语气。否则评分标准中的语法分必然会收到影响。 【参考答案】 <span word="If">If</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="describe">describe</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="ideal">ideal</span> <span word="job">job</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="guess">guess</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dentist">dentist</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="visited">visited</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dentist">dentist</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="talking">talking</span> <span word="about">about</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dentist">dentist</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="town">town</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span>. <span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span>, <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="traffic">traffic</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="cities">cities</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="reasons">reasons</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="talk">talk</span> <span word="specifically">specifically</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dentist">dentist</span>. <span word="First">First</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="hours">hours</span>. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="mean">mean</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="doctors">doctors</span> <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="emergencies">emergencies</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="hours">hours</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="dentists">dentists</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="hours">hours</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dentist">dentist</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="overtime">overtime</span>. <span word="Besides">Besides</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="clean">clean</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="consulting">consulting</span> <span word="rooms">rooms</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="day">day</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="affected">affected</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span>. <span word="Also">Also</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="decide">decide</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span>. <span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="liked">liked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="off">off</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="simply">simply</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="instruct">instruct</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="receptionist">receptionist</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="day">day</span>. 小结 虚拟语气是英语中的高级语法，虽然对于分数目标是6分以下的学生没有太大的要求，但是口语考试中语法项得较好的分数，学生们势必在尽量减少常见语法错误的基础之上还要增加高级语法的使用。 </p>
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