雅思写作范文参考：城市扩张
<p> <span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="argued">argued</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="sprawl">sprawl</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="root">root</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="environmental">environmental</span> <span word="problems">problems</span>. <span word="Today">Today</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="offering">offering</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="viewpoint">viewpoint</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="reasons">reasons</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="position">position</span>. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="sprawl">sprawl</span>? <span word="Urban">Urban</span> <span word="sprawl">sprawl</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="defined">defined</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="urbanized">urbanized</span> <span word="land">land</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="fewer">fewer</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> . <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span>, <span word="cities">cities</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="compact">compact</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="efficient">efficient</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="recently">recently</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="density">density</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="land">land</span> <span word="utilized">utilized</span> <span word="per">per</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="decline">decline</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>. <span word="From">From</span> 1982-1997, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="grown">grown</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="about">about</span> 17 <span word="percent">percent</span>, <span word="while">while</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="urbanized">urbanized</span> <span word="land">land</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="about">about</span> 47 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="period">period</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="time">time</span> . <span word="Developed">Developed</span> <span word="land">land</span> <span word="per">per</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="doubled">doubled</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="decades">decades</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sizes">sizes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="housing">housing</span> <span word="lots">lots</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="acres">acres</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="account">account</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="land">land</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="since">since</span> 1994 . <span word="This">This</span> <span word="drastic">drastic</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="urbanized">urbanized</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="environmental">environmental</span> <span word="impacts">impacts</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="burdens">burdens</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span>.</p><p> <span word="Along">Along</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="loss">loss</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="farmland">farmland</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="loss">loss</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="wildlife">wildlife</span> <span word="habitats">habitats</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="disappearing">disappearing</span> <span word="due">due</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="sprawl">sprawl</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="forests">forests</span>, <span word="meadows">meadows</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="wetlands">wetlands</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="disappearing">disappearing</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="substituted">substituted</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="pavement">pavement</span>, <span word="buildings">buildings</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sterile">sterile</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="landscaping">landscaping</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="loss">loss</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="wildlife">wildlife</span> <span word="habitats">habitats</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="species">species</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="survive">survive</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="suitable">suitable</span> <span word="breeding">breeding</span> <span word="ponds">ponds</span>, <span word="hibernation">hibernation</span> <span word="sites">sites</span>, <span word="feeding">feeding</span> <span word="locations">locations</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="create">create</span> <span word="practical">practical</span> <span word="nesting">nesting</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> . <span word="The">The</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="sprawl">sprawl</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="species">species</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="plants">plants</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="becoming">becoming</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> <span word="extinct">extinct</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Oak">Oak</span> <span word="Savannas">Savannas</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Oak">Oak</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Pine">Pine</span> <span word="Barrens">Barrens</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="degraded">degraded</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span> 1 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="original">original</span> <span word="species">species</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="around">around</span> .<span word="Urban">Urban</span> <span word="sprawl">sprawl</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="contributed">contributed</span> <span word="greatly">greatly</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span>. <span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="sprawl">sprawl</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="distance">distance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="shopping">shopping</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="areas">areas</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="forced">forced</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rely">rely</span> <span word="heavily">heavily</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="cars">cars</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="reliance">reliance</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="vehicles">vehicles</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="contributed">contributed</span> <span word="significantly">significantly</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="greenhouse">greenhouse</span> <span word="gases">gases</span> . <span word="Pollution">Pollution</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="vehicles">vehicles</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="urbanized">urbanized</span> <span word="cities">cities</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Los">Los</span> <span word="Angeles">Angeles</span>. <span word="Another">Another</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="heat">heat</span> <span word="waves">waves</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="experienced">experienced</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="month">month</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nation">nation</span>. <span word="People">People</span> <span word="fail">fail</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="realize">realize</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="sprawl">sprawl</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="by">by</span>-<span word="product">product</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="sprawl">sprawl</span>, <span word="have">have</span> <span word="contributed">contributed</span> <span word="significantly">significantly</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="temperatures">temperatures</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="summer">summer</span> . <span word="Urban">Urban</span> <span word="sprawl">sprawl</span> <span word="increases">increases</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="concrete">concrete</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="asphalt">asphalt</span>, <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="holding">holding</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="heat">heat</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="warmer">warmer</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="sprawl">sprawl</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="occurred">occurred</span>. <span word="Another">Another</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="leads">leads</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="humidity">humidity</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="exaggerates">exaggerates</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="greenhouse">greenhouse</span> <span word="gases">gases</span> .</p>
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