不同时态下被动语态的构成形式
<p>被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等被动词来表示被动意义 。被动语态由&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;助动词<span word="be">be</span>+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变<span word="be">be</span>的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。</p><p>1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：<span word="is">is</span> / <span word="am">am</span> / <span word="are">are</span> + 及物动词的过去分词 <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="everyday">everyday</span>.</p><p>2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：<span word="was">was</span> / <span word="were">were</span> + 及物动词的过去分词 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="shop">shop</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="built">built</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span>.</p><p>3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：<span word="has">has</span> / <span word="have">have</span> + <span word="been">been</span> + 及物动词的过去分词 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="translated">translated</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="languages">languages</span>.</p><p>4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：<span word="will">will</span>+ <span word="be">be</span> + 及物动词的过去分词 <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="trees">trees</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="planted">planted</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="year">year</span>.</p><p>5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ <span word="be">be</span> + 及物动词的过去分词 <span word="Young">Young</span> <span word="trees">trees</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="watered">watered</span> <span word="often">often</span>.</p><p>6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：<span word="am">am</span> / <span word="is">is</span> / <span word="are">are</span> + <span word="being">being</span> + 及物动词的过去分词 <span word="Uncle">Uncle</span> <span word="Wang">Wang</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="mending">mending</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="bike">bike</span> <span word="now">now</span>.&<span word="rarr">rarr</span>; <span word="My">My</span> <span word="bike">bike</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="repaired">repaired</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="now">now</span>.</p><p>7. 不定式的被动语态：<span word="to">to</span> + <span word="be">be</span> + 及物动词的过去分词 <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="read">read</span>. &<span word="rarr">rarr</span>; <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="twenty">twenty</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="trees">trees</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="planted">planted</span>.</p>
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