meili 发表于 2022-10-18 18:19:47

Jet black: 乌黑

<p><span word="Jet">Jet</span> <span word="black">black</span>: 乌黑</p><p>我们见惯了用<span word="jet">jet</span>来表示“喷气式飞机”,假若您看到<span word="jet">jet</span> <span word="black">black</span>是否感到有些突兀?如:“<span word="jet">jet</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="hair">hair</span>”、“<span word="jet">jet</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="beard">beard</span>”。从以上搭配,您大致可猜出<span word="jet">jet</span> <span word="black">black</span>表示“黑色的”,但黑到什么程度?<span word="Jet">Jet</span>(黑色的)与<span word="jet">jet</span>(喷气式飞机)是否在词源上存有联系?</p><p><span word="Jet">Jet</span>(黑色的)和<span word="jet">jet</span>(喷气式飞机),实际上是我们汉语中常说的“同形异义字”。 <span word="Jet">Jet</span>(喷气式飞机)的祖先可追溯到希腊词语<span word="jacere">jacere</span>,表示“投掷,扔”,由此衍生出两个表示扔弃的词语<span word="jettison">jettison</span>和<span word="jetsam">jetsam</span>,用来形容“船或飞机遇到紧急情况时为减轻重量向外抛出的货物”。16世纪,<span word="jet">jet</span>进入英语词汇,当时表示“突出,伸出”; 大约17世纪晚期,<span word="jet">jet</span>用来指“受强压而喷出来的水”,自此衍生出20世纪的“喷气式飞机”,指“从喷气管中喷出的热气”。 <span word="Jet">Jet</span>(黑色的)源于14世纪的古法语词<span word="jaiet">jaiet</span>,<span word="jaiet">jaiet</span>的词根又可追溯至希腊词<span word="gagates">gagates</span>,指小亚细亚一个名叫<span word="Gagae">Gagae</span>小镇的一种“黑玉”,这种黑玉质地坚硬且富有光泽,属于褐煤的一种。到15世纪中期,<span word="jet">jet</span>或<span word="jet">jet</span> <span word="black">black</span>开始用来指乌黑发亮的色泽。 举个例子:<span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="hair">hair</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="jet">jet</span>。(她的头发如黑玉一般乌黑发亮)。</p>
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