用美国人思维学习口语的六大技巧
<p>第一，如何用英文简单界定一个东西的技巧。</p><p>美国人和美国人交谈80%是想告诉对方<span word="what">what</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="book">book</span> 。我们中国人从小学到大学的课本尽管词汇难度不断加深，但思维逻辑结构却只停留在一个水平上。中国人常说<span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span>?很少有人说<span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="book">book</span>?而美国的小学生就开始问：<span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span>?这种<span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span>?只是描述阶段，连哑巴也能做到。但是我想连大学生也很难回答<span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="book">book</span>?因为中国传统英语教学模式没有教会学生表达思想的技巧。</p><p>第二，如果已经学会界定，但理解还有偏差，那就要训练<span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="explain">explain</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="ways">ways</span>.</p><p>一种表达方式对方不懂，美国人会寻找另一种表达方式最终让对方明白。因为事物就一个，但表达它的语言符号可能会很多。比如水，世界上就这一个事物，但却有多种符号来表达它。如果一个人懂8种语言，那他在世界上被别人理解的机会就会大得多。用汉语说"水"别人不懂，用德语说别人也不懂，但用英语说<span word="water">water</span>，别人可能就懂了。这就要多做替换练习。传统的教学方法也做替换练习，但这种替换不是真替换，只是语言层面的替换，而不是思维层面的替换。比如，<span word="I">I</span> <span word="love">love</span> <span word="you">you</span>,按中国的替换方法就把<span word="you">you</span>换成<span word="her">her</span>,<span word="my">my</span> <span word="mother">mother</span>,<span word="them">them</span>等，这种替换和小学生练描红没有什么区别。这种替换没有对智力构成挑战，没有启动思维。换到最后也不知道到底在<span word="love">love</span> 谁，现实生活中也不能这么随便<span word="love">love</span>(笑声)。这种替换句子的基本结构没变，我听不懂<span word="I">I</span> <span word="love">love</span> <span word="you">you</span>,肯定也听不懂<span word="I">I</span> <span word="love">love</span> <span word="her">her</span>。如果替换为<span word="I">I</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="kiss">kiss</span> <span word="you">you</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="hug">hug</span> <span word="you">you</span>.<span word="I">I</span>'<span word="ve">ve</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="crush">crush</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="you">you</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="you">you</span>等，或者给对方讲电影《泰坦尼克》，告诉对方<span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="love">love</span>，这样一来对方可能就明白了。这才叫真正的替换。</p>
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