凭语调判断说话人的意思
<p>语调(<span word="intonation">intonation</span>)，即说话的腔调，就是一句话里声调(<span word="pitch">pitch</span>)高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。世界上没有一种语言是用单一的声调说出的，以英语为例，英语有五种基本语调：升调(↗)、降调(↙)、升降调(&<span word="and">and</span>;)、降升调(&<span word="or">or</span>;)以及平调(&<span word="rarr">rarr</span>;)。一句话除了词汇意义(<span word="lexical">lexical</span> <span word="meaning">meaning</span>)还有语调意义(<span word="intonation">intonation</span> <span word="meaning">meaning</span>)。所谓词汇意义就是话中所用词的意义，而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义。同样的句子，语调不同，意思就会不同，有时甚至会相差千里。请看下例:</p><p><span word="A">A</span>: <span word="Jean">Jean</span>, <span word="can">can</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span>?</p><p><span word="B">B</span>: <span word="Sorry">Sorry</span>?(↗)</p><p><span word="Jean">Jean</span> 用升调说 <span word="Sorry">Sorry</span>，其意思是 "<span word="I">I</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="hear">hear</span> <span word="you">you</span>. <span word="Could">Could</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="again">again</span>, <span word="please">please</span>?"</p><p><span word="A">A</span>: <span word="Jean">Jean</span>, <span word="can">can</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span>?</p><p><span word="B">B</span>: <span word="Sorry">Sorry</span>.(↙)</p><p><span word="Jean">Jean</span> 用降调说 <span word="Sorry">Sorry</span>，显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。</p><p>可见，如果对语调知识缺乏了解，就会无法确定说话人的态度、感情、口吻、意图等，所以今天我们就来对语调问题做个说明吧。</p><p>一、一句话中音调的相对高度所包含的意义</p><p>众所周知，人们在兴奋、惊讶或感情激动时说话的语调就高，而在相反的情况下，语调则低。因此，在同一个场合中，如果一个人的语调明显高于另一个，或明显低于另一个，以此就可以推断出该说话人的意思及态度。</p>
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