限制性和非限制性定语从句
<p> 1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="month">month</span>. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="house">house</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="month">month</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="nice">nice</span>.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）</p><p> 2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：</p><p> <span word="Charles">Charles</span> <span word="Smith">Smith</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="former">former</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>, <span word="retired">retired</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span>. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。<span word="http">http</span>://<span word="yingyu">yingyu</span>.<span word="chazidian">chazidian</span>.<span word="com">com</span></p><p> <span word="My">My</span> <span word="house">house</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="bought">bought</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lovely">lovely</span> <span word="garden">garden</span>. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="novel">novel</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="times">times</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="touching">touching</span>. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。</p><p> 3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="grasped">grasped</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="meant">meant</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="greatly">greatly</span> <span word="upsets">upsets</span> <span word="me">me</span>. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。</p><p> <span word="Liquid">Liquid</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="vapor">vapor</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="evaporation">evaporation</span>. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。</p>
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