过去完成时
<p>1） 概念：表示过去的过去</p><p>----|-------|-----|---->其构成是<span word="had">had</span> +过去分词构成。</p><p>那时以前 那时 现在 </p><p>2） 用法</p><p> <span word="a">a</span>. 在<span word="told">told</span>, <span word="said">said</span>, <span word="knew">knew</span>, <span word="heard">heard</span>, <span word="thought">thought</span>等动词后的宾语从句。<span word="http">http</span>://<span word="yingyu">yingyu</span>.<span word="chazidian">chazidian</span>.<span word="com">com</span></p><p> <span word="She">She</span> <span word="said">said</span> (<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="she">she</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Paris">Paris</span>.</p><p> <span word="b">b</span>. 状语从句</p><p> 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。</p><p> <span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="police">police</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="thieves">thieves</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="away">away</span>.</p><p> <span word="c">c</span>. 表示意向的动词，如<span word="hope">hope</span>, <span word="wish">wish</span>, <span word="expect">expect</span>, <span word="think">think</span>, <span word="intend">intend</span>, <span word="mean">mean</span>, <span word="suppose">suppose</span>等，用过去完成时表示原本…，未能…</p><p> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="hoped">hoped</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="come">come</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span>.</p><p>3) 过去完成时的时间状语<span word="before">before</span>, <span word="by">by</span>, <span word="until">until</span> , <span word="when">when</span>, <span word="after">after</span>, <span word="once">once</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="as">as</span>。</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="learned">learned</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="before">before</span>.</p><p> <span word="By">By</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="twelve">twelve</span>, <span word="Edison">Edison</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="himself">himself</span>.</p><p> <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="disappointed">disappointed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="guests">guests</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="party">party</span>. </p><p>典型例题 </p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="students">students</span> ___ <span word="busily">busily</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="Miss">Miss</span> <span word="Brown">Brown</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="she">she</span> ___ <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="office">office</span>. </p><p><span word="A">A</span>. <span word="had">had</span> <span word="written">written</span>, <span word="left">left</span> <span word="B">B</span>，<span word="were">were</span> <span word="writing">writing</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="had">had</span> <span word="written">written</span>, <span word="had">had</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="were">were</span> <span word="writing">writing</span>, <span word="had">had</span> <span word="left">left</span></p><p> 答案<span word="D">D</span>. 把书忘在办公室发生在去取书这一过去的动作之前，因此忘了书这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中<span word="when">when</span>表示的是时间的一点，表示在同学们正忙于……这一背景下，<span word="when">when</span>所引导的动作发生。因此</p>
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