英语语法：关系代词
<p>关系代词</p><p>1) 关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="spoke">spoke</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="cousin">cousin</span>. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。(该句中<span word="whom">whom</span>既代表先行词<span word="the">the</span> <span word="girl">girl</span>，又在从句中作介词<span word="to">to</span>的宾语。)</p><p>2) 关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，<span word="that">that</span> 可指人也可指物，见表：</p><p>限定性 非限定性 限定性</p><p>指 人 指 物 指人或指物</p><p>主 格 <span word="who">who</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="that">that</span></p><p>宾 格 <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="that">that</span></p><p>属 格 <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span>/<span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span>/<span word="whose">whose</span></p><p>例如：</p><p><span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pencil">pencil</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="broken">broken</span>.</p><p>这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。</p><p>(<span word="whose">whose</span> 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语)</p><p><span word="He">He</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="forgotten">forgotten</span>. 他回来取他丢下的书。</p><p>(<span word="which">which</span>指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略)</p><p>3) 关系代词<span word="which">which</span>的先行词可以是一个句子，例如：</p><p><span word="He">He</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="there">there</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lie">lie</span>.</p><p>他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。</p><p>说明： 关系代词<span word="that">that</span>在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略， 例如：</p>
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