There be 结构
<p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="be">be</span> 结构主要用以表达"某处(某时)有某人(某物)",其基本句型为"<span word="There">There</span> <span word="be">be</span> + 某物或某人 + 某地或某时",其中<span word="there">there</span> 是引导词,没有词义;<span word="be">be</span>是谓语动词;"某人或某物"是句子的主语;"某地或某时"作句子的状语,多是介词短语。如:</p><p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="chair">chair</span>. 椅子下面有一个足球。</p><p> 主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用<span word="is">is</span>, 是复数时用<span word="are">are</span>。如:</p><p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="flower">flower</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bottle">bottle</span>. 瓶里有一朵花。</p><p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="purse">purse</span>. 钱包里有些钱。</p><p> 2. 若句子中有几个并列的主语时,<span word="be">be</span>的形式依据就近原则。如:</p><p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="boy">boy</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="house">house</span>. 房子里有一个男孩,一个女孩和两个妇女。</p><p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="office">office</span>. 办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。</p><p> 3. 另外,在陈述句中为了强调地点,也可将介词短语提置句首。如:</p><p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tree">tree</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="birds">birds</span>. 树上有五只鸟。</p><p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="be">be</span> 结构的句型转换</p><p> 否定句</p><p> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="be">be</span>的否定式通常在<span word="be">be</span>后加<span word="not">not</span>构成(在口语中<span word="be">be</span>时常与<span word="not">not</span>缩写在一起)。如果句中有<span word="some">some</span>,一般要变成<span word="any">any</span>。如:</p><p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="picture">picture</span>. &<span word="rarr">rarr</span>;<span word="There">There</span> <span word="aren">aren</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="picture">picture</span>.</p>
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