盘点那些汉语中没法用英语翻译的词
<p>请大家看看这一句怎么译成英语：&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;他铅笔盒里有五支笔。别小看这么一句简单的话，实在没有办法翻译，因为英语里没有相当于汉语&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;笔的词。英语里倒是可以找到各种具体的&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;笔的名称：</p><p>铅笔 <span word="pencil">pencil</span> 钢笔 <span word="pen">pen</span> / <span word="fountain">fountain</span> <span word="pan">pan</span> 圆珠笔 <span word="ball">ball</span>-<span word="point">point</span> <span word="pen">pen</span> 毛笔 <span word="writing">writing</span> <span word="brush">brush</span></p><p>画笔 <span word="painting">painting</span> <span word="brush">brush</span> 鸭嘴笔 <span word="drawing">drawing</span> <span word="pen">pen</span> / <span word="ruling">ruling</span> <span word="pen">pen</span></p><p>蜡笔 (<span word="wax">wax</span>) <span word="crayon">crayon</span> 粉笔 <span word="chalk">chalk</span></p><p>只有弄清楚那五支具体是什么笔，才能翻译出来，如：<span word="He">He</span>&<span word="rsquo">rsquo</span>;<span word="s">s</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="pencils">pencils</span>, <span word="two">two</span> <span word="ball">ball</span>-<span word="point">point</span> <span word="pens">pens</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="pen">pen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="pencil">pencil</span>-<span word="box">box</span>.</p><p>人们在认识事物的过程中，往往把性质或用途一样或类似的东西归为一类，表示某一类事物的总名称被叫做&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;上义词(<span word="superordinate">superordinate</span>)，一个&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;上义词的概念包含许多&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;下义词(<span word="hyponym">hyponym</span>)。汉语中的&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;笔就是前几行所列各种笔的&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;上义词。有些分类是各种语言基本一样的，如世界上的东西分成生物(<span word="living">living</span> <span word="things">things</span>)和无生命物(<span word="non">non</span>-<span word="living">living</span> <span word="things">things</span>)，或者有机物(<span word="organic">organic</span> <span word="matters">matters</span>)和无机物(<span word="inorganic">inorganic</span> <span word="matters">matters</span>)，而生物里有植物(<span word="plants">plants</span>)和动物(<span word="animals">animals</span>)，但有些分类是某种语言特有的。&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;笔在英语里就构不成一类。再比如汉语中的&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;车(包括各种汽车、自行车、人力车、手推车、童车等)、&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;牛(包括水牛、黄牛、牦牛、奶牛等)、&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;果品(包括鲜果、干果、蜜饯等)、&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;皮(包括各种兽皮、树皮、果皮等)之类的词在英语里都没有对应的说法，因为它们在说英语的人心目中并不构成一个&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;类，所以翻译时必须弄清具体东西用不同的下义词代替，有时也可用上义词取代。 (来源：英语麦当劳-英语杂志 <span word="EnglishCN">EnglishCN</span>.<span word="com">com</span>)</p>
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