短文改错训练法
<p>1.在语法复习中练习单句改错。按照循序渐进的原则，笔者针对学生实际，从易到难，不搞硬性拨高和题海战术，采取词→句→文的训练方法，从单句改错逐步过渡到短文改错，特别是在词法和句法复习中，有意穿插单句改错，这样使学生既复习了语法，又掌握了改错技巧。如在复习初中内容和定语从句时，笔者选编了以下练习:</p><p>⑴<span word="My">My</span> <span word="sister">sister</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="hours">hours</span>. <span word="been">been</span></p><p>⑵<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="impossible">impossible</span>∧ <span word="explain">explain</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="meant">meant</span>. <span word="to">to</span></p><p>⑶<span word="He">He</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="classmates">classmates</span>. <span word="that">that</span></p><p>⑷<span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="brothers">brothers</span>, <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="serves">serves</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="army">army</span>. <span word="whom">whom</span></p><p>以上句子改错尽管很简单，但在入门阶段不可忽视。这种由浅入深，化整为零的方式有利于学生对知识点进行分散掌握，从而在做题时增强信心。</p><p>2.板书例题分析解题思路。在专题训练中，笔者课前在黑板上板书一篇有代表性的例文，启发和鼓励学生发现和纠正其中的错误，然后着重分析解题思路，即:理清脉络、整体把握、前后结合、捕捉语感。</p><p>然后，教师根据学生的反馈，归纳例文启示、命题特点和解题技巧。如:⑴读题三原则:①整体理解;②多向思维;③先易后难。⑵识错三一致:①主谓一致;②时态一致;③指代一致。⑶做题三准则:①以改动最少为准则;②以保持原有为准则;③以“多错少正”为准则。</p>
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