祈使句
<p> 祈使句(<span word="Imperative">Imperative</span> <span word="Sentence">Sentence</span>)用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表达命令,因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。</p><p> 祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用句号来表示结束。</p><p> 一、祈使句的句式特征</p><p> 祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语<span word="you">you</span>。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加, 上<span word="please">please</span>,以使句, 子的语气更加缓和, 或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。例如:</p><p> <span word="Keep">Keep</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="grass">grass</span>!勿踩草地!</p><p> <span word="Put">Put</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boxes">boxes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="room">room</span>.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。</p><p> 二、祈使句的肯定句式</p><p> 祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:</p><p> 1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。例如:</p><p> <span word="Make">Make</span> <span word="sentences">sentences</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="model">model</span>.根据例句造句。</p><p> 2. <span word="Be">Be</span>动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如:</p><p> <span word="Be">Be</span> <span word="careful">careful</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="crossing">crossing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="street">street</span>.过马路时要小心。</p>
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