英语语法：被动语态
<p> 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。</p><p> 被动语态基本形式为：助动词<span word="be">be</span> +过去分词。助动词<span word="be">be</span>有时态、人称和数的变化，我们可以通过<span word="be">be</span>的不同变化形式推出各种时态的被动语态形式。如：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="now">now</span>.</p><p> 电影正在放映。(现在进行时的被动语态)</p><p> <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="Smith">Smith</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="mentally">mentally</span> <span word="disturbed">disturbed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="alone">alone</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="prison">prison</span>.</p><p> 多年孤独的监狱生活使史密斯医生的精神受到了刺激。(过去完成时的被动语态)</p><p> 1. 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词+ <span word="be">be</span> +过去分词。</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="baby">baby</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="baby">baby</span>-<span word="sitter">sitter</span>.</p><p> 婴儿应该由临时保姆好好照看。</p><p> 2. 当使役动词<span word="have">have</span>, <span word="make">make</span>, <span word="get">get</span>以及感官动词<span word="see">see</span>, <span word="watch">watch</span>, <span word="notice">notice</span>, <span word="hear">hear</span>, <span word="feel">feel</span>, <span word="observe">observe</span>等后面的不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式<span word="to">to</span>要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加<span word="to">to</span>。</p><p> <span word="Someone">Someone</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="stranger">stranger</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="building">building</span>.</p>
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