如何用“新概念英语第三册”来攻克托福写作
<p>随着越来越多的中国学生选择去国外留学， 托福考试（<span word="TOEFL">TOEFL</span>）的重要性不断彰显。在新托福（<span word="internet">internet</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="TOEFL">TOEFL</span>，简称<span word="iBT">iBT</span> <span word="TOEFL">TOEFL</span>）考试中，作文部分（<span word="Independent">Independent</span> <span word="Writing">Writing</span>）一直是令中国考生头疼的一个问题。美国的教育考试服务中心（<span word="Educational">Educational</span> <span word="Testing">Testing</span> <span word="Service">Service</span>，简称<span word="ETS">ETS</span>）明确指出。一篇优秀的论文（<span word="essay">essay</span>）要能满足三个基本要求：首先，要符合英语的思维和表达习惯（<span word="thinking">thinking</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="English">English</span>）；最后，优美准确的遣词造句也是好文章的必要元素（<span word="language">language</span> <span word="use">use</span>）中国学生习惯于苦背所谓的&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;模板，写出的文章千篇一律，呆板牵强，根本达不到上述要求。笔者在长期的托福考试写作辅导中发现：有效地学习并且适当地背诵&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;新概念英语第三册（简称&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;新三）中的经典篇章，就可以在思维、结构和语言各方面全面提高英语写作能力，攻克托福写作这个难关。</p><p>一、&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;新三向我们传达了地道的英语思维模式</p><p>语言是思维的一种体现，从整体上把握西方人的思维方式，用英语去思考，是写出地道英语论文的关键所在。&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;新三很好地传达了这一点，向我们揭示了英语思维的&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;至高无上的秘诀。在第3课《无名女神》（<span word="An">An</span> <span word="Unknown">Unknown</span> <span word="Goddess">Goddess</span>）中有这样一段描写：&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;<span word="The">The</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="prosperous">prosperous</span>，<span word="for">for</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="enjoyeda">enjoyeda</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="level">level</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="civilization">civilization</span>.<span word="Houses">Houses</span>-<span word="often">often</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="storeys">storeys</span> <span word="highwerebuilt">highwerebuilt</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="stone">stone</span>.<span word="They">They</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="rooms">rooms</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="beautifuly">beautifuly</span> <span word="decoratedwalls">decoratedwalls</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="equipped">equipped</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="drainage">drainage</span> <span word="system">system</span>，<span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="greatmany">greatmany</span> <span word="clay">clay</span> <span word="pipes">pipes</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="beneath">beneath</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="narrow">narrow</span> <span word="streets">streets</span>. 这一段总共四句话。第一句话讲这座城市曾经很繁华，享有高度文明。第二句讲房子，房子有三层楼高，还是石头造的。第三句讲房间，房间很大，墙壁装饰很华丽。第四句讲城市甚至还有排水系统。我们分析一下不难发现，其实第一句话就是作者要表达的中心意思：城市很繁华。后三句不过是从三个不同角度（房子、房间、排水系统）来论证作者要表达的中心意思（为什么作者可以断定这座古城曾经一度很繁华）。到这里，英语思维&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;至高无上的秘诀就已经完全揭示了：中文和英文在思维上存在巨大的差异，所以表达上也存在巨大的差异；中文表达遵循的是偏正结构，而英文表达却是开门见山的，总是把最重要的中心先说出来；更通俗一点来讲，中文的习惯表达方式是&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;因为&<span word="hellip">hellip</span>;&<span word="hellip">hellip</span>;所以&<span word="hellip">hellip</span>;&<span word="hellip">hellip</span>;，而英文的表达习惯一般是&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;之所以&<span word="hellip">hellip</span>;&<span word="hellip">hellip</span>;是因为&<span word="hellip">hellip</span>;&<span word="hellip">hellip</span>;。按照北美大学的要求，学生论文（<span word="essay">essay</span>）除了开头段和结尾段之外，一般要有三段正文，从三个不同的角度去支持命题（<span word="thesis">thesis</span>）。如果能够深刻领悟&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;新三的&<span word="ldquo">ldquo</span>;良苦用心，掌握英语的思维模式，我们完全可以把每段的正文格式固定下来，就是主旨句（<span word="topic">topic</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span>）加上支持性细节（<span word="supporting">supporting</span> <span word="details">details</span>）。主旨句表达全段的中心思想。支持性细节是支持主旨句的事例、细节、理由等，目的是帮助读者充分理解作者在主旨句中所表达的含义。这一格式完全符合西方人的思维模式。</p>
页:
[1]