萨福(Sappho)
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<bstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">萨福</b><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">（</span><spanstyle="color:#0b0080;font-family:sans-serif;"><spanstyle="font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;background:none#FFFFFF;">古希腊文</span></span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">：</span><spanlang="el"xml:lang="el"style="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">Σαπφώ</span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">；</span><spanstyle="color:#0b0080;font-family:sans-serif;"><spanstyle="font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;background:none#FFFFFF;">拉丁化</span></span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">：Sappho），公元</span><spanstyle="color:#0b0080;font-family:sans-serif;"><spanstyle="font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;background:none#FFFFFF;">前7世纪希腊</span></span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">的</span><spanstyle="color:#0b0080;font-family:sans-serif;"><spanstyle="font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;background:none#FFFFFF;">女同性恋者</span></span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">。一生写过不少情诗、婚歌、颂神诗、铭辞等。著有诗集九卷，大部分已散轶，现仅存一首完篇、三首几近完篇的诗作，（最新一首刚在2005年出版</span><supid="cite_ref-1"class="reference"style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><spanstyle="color:#0b0080;"><spanstyle="background-image:none;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;"></span></span></sup><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">）以及若干断句，在一首嫁名</span><spanstyle="color:#0b0080;font-family:sans-serif;"><spanstyle="font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;background:none#FFFFFF;">柏拉图</span></span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">的短歌中，萨福被称“第十</span><spanstyle="color:#0b0080;font-family:sans-serif;"><spanstyle="font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;background:none#FFFFFF;">缪斯</span></span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">”。</span><supid="cite_ref-2"class="reference"style="line-height:1;unicode-bidi:isolate;color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><spanstyle="color:#0b0080;"><spanstyle="background-image:none;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;"></span></span></sup><spanstyle="color:#0b0080;font-family:sans-serif;"><spanstyle="font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;background:none#FFFFFF;">周作人</span></span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">早年曾译介她的诗歌。萨福是</span><spanstyle="color:#0b0080;font-family:sans-serif;"><spanstyle="font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;background:none#FFFFFF;">女同性恋</span></span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">者，西方语言中“女同性恋者”一词（例如</span><spanstyle="color:#0b0080;font-family:sans-serif;"><spanstyle="font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;background:none#FFFFFF;">德语</span></span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">：</span><spanlang="la"xml:lang="la"style="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">Lesbe</span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">，</span><spanstyle="color:#0b0080;font-family:sans-serif;"><spanstyle="font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;background:none#FFFFFF;">法语</span></span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">：</span><spanlang="la"xml:lang="la"style="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">lesbienne</span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">，</span><spanstyle="color:#0b0080;font-family:sans-serif;"><spanstyle="font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;background:none#FFFFFF;">英语</span></span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">：</span><spanlang="la"xml:lang="la"style="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">lesbian</span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">），即源自其居住地</span><spanstyle="color:#0b0080;font-family:sans-serif;"><spanstyle="font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;background:none#FFFFFF;">莱斯博斯岛</span></span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">（现代及古希腊语：</span><spanlang="el"xml:lang="el"style="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">Λέσβος</span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">，古希腊语拉丁字母转写：</span><spanlang="la"xml:lang="la"style="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">Lesbos</span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">，现代希腊语拉丁字母转写：</span><spanlang="la"xml:lang="la"style="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">Lesvos</span><spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">）。</span></p><p> <spanstyle="color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"> <h2style="font-weight:normal;margin:1em0px0.25em;overflow:hidden;padding:0px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#AAAAAA;font-family:"line-height:1.3;white-space:normal;background:none#FFFFFF;"> <spanclass="mw-headline"id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3.E8.88.87.E5.82.B3.E8.AA.AA">萨福的生平与传说</span> </h2> <pstyle="margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;line-height:22.4px;color:#252525;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"> 萨福的家族显赫，一般认为她出生于莱斯沃斯岛一贵族家庭，在莱斯瓦斯当地很有影响力，殷实的家境使她能自由地决定自己的生活方式，而她选择了在当时的文化中心勒斯博（Lesbos）岛上专攻艺术。她的父亲喜好诗歌，在父亲的熏陶下，萨福也迷上了吟诗写作。她是第一人描述个人的爱情和失恋的诗人。她在青年时期曾被逐出故乡，被放逐至<spanstyle="color:#0b0080;"><spanstyle="background-image:none;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">西西里</span></span>，原因可能同当地的政治斗争有关。被允许返回后，曾开设女子学堂，当过“女子导师”之类的职位。古代流传过不少有损于她的声誉的说法，但从一些材料看，她实际上很受乡人敬重。当然，也有学者质疑这些记载。从<spanstyle="color:#0b0080;"><spanstyle="background-image:none;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">古罗马</span></span>时代起，萨福的生平开始成为文人的创作题材，一直经历<spanstyle="color:#0b0080;"><spanstyle="background-image:none;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">中世纪</span></span>、<spanstyle="color:#0b0080;"><spanstyle="background-image:none;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">浪漫主义</span></span>时代而不衰。西方世界对萨福的“接受史”，成为当代<spanstyle="color:#0b0080;"><spanstyle="background-image:none;background-attachment:initial;background-size:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;background-position:initial;background-repeat:initial;">女性主义</span></span>学者的一大题目，引发了大量的论文、专著。 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