河南省濮阳市濮阳县七级上期末生物试卷（解析版）-人人终身学习知识网~是各类综合知识资源信息分享，提升综合素质与提高知识技能的终身学习网络平台名校卷初中

admins 发表于 2021-3-17 12:07:51

河南省濮阳市濮阳县七年级上期末生物试卷（解析版）

题型：选择题
※难度：一般
<div><div>【题目】下列四个实验装置中，哪一个用来探究“光对鼠妇生活的影响”更科学（）A．<img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2017/12/30/22/94b36d8b/SYS201712302239117045966974_ST/SYS201712302239117045966974_ST.001.png" width="109" height="77" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" />B．<img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2017/12/30/22/94b36d8b/SYS201712302239117045966974_ST/SYS201712302239117045966974_ST.002.png" width="110" height="75" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" />C．<img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2017/12/30/22/94b36d8b/SYS201712302239117045966974_ST/SYS201712302239117045966974_ST.003.png" width="111" height="76" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" />D．<img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2017/12/30/22/94b36d8b/SYS201712302239117045966974_ST/SYS201712302239117045966974_ST.004.png" width="112" height="79" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" /> </div></div>
<div>【答案】C【解析】试题分析：此题考查“光对鼠妇生活的影响”的实验．解答时从确定、控制单一变量，设置对照实验，排除无关因素对实验的干扰和影响等方面入手．解：该实验的目的是探究“光对鼠妇生活的影响”，实验变量是有无光照，在设计实验时，要给鼠妇提供明亮和黑暗两种环境．观察鼠妇对环境的选择，形成以光照为唯一变量的对照实验．在设置对照时，要排除无关变量干扰和影响实验结果．A、实验装置内一侧是湿土，另一侧是干土，上面盖上玻璃板，实验变量是水分．该选项不符合题意．B、实验装置内一侧是湿土，另一侧是干土，上面盖上木板，实验变量是水分．该选项不符合题意．C、实验装置内是湿土，在一侧上盖上木板，另一侧上面盖上玻璃板，实验变量是光照．该选项符合题意．D、实验装置内是干土，在一侧上盖上木板，另一侧上面盖上玻璃板，实验变量是光照．但是我们常在花盆、石块下等阴暗、潮湿的地方看到了鼠妇，而在明亮、干燥的地方一般看不到鼠妇，说明鼠妇喜欢生活在阴湿的环境中．该装置内放上干土会干扰和影响实验结果．与选项C相比，选项C更科学．该选项不符合题意．故选：C．</div>

题型：选择题
※难度：一般
<div><div>【题目】如图是低倍显微镜下观察到的根毛细胞图，则该细胞在载玻片上的放置状况是（）<img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2017/12/30/22/94b36d8b/SYS201712302239128049546939_ST/SYS201712302239128049546939_ST.001.png" width="67" height="68" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" />A．<img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2017/12/30/22/94b36d8b/SYS201712302239128049546939_ST/SYS201712302239128049546939_ST.002.png" width="62" height="53" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" />B．<img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2017/12/30/22/94b36d8b/SYS201712302239128049546939_ST/SYS201712302239128049546939_ST.003.png" width="61" height="53" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" />C．<img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2017/12/30/22/94b36d8b/SYS201712302239128049546939_ST/SYS201712302239128049546939_ST.004.png" width="61" height="53" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" />D．<img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2017/12/30/22/94b36d8b/SYS201712302239128049546939_ST/SYS201712302239128049546939_ST.005.png" width="59" height="53" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" /> </div></div>
<div>【答案】C【解析】试题分析：这是一道实验操作题，具体考查的是在显微镜视野中看到的实物放大的倒像．解：通过分析知道在显微镜下观察印有根毛细胞的玻片，看到的物像是应是它的放大的倒像．所谓倒像是将图片上下和左右都翻过来，所以在显微镜视野中应看到的是C．故选：C</div>

题型：判断题
※难度：较易
<div><div>【题目】绿色植物白天进行光合作用，晚上进行呼吸作用．（判断对错） </div></div>
<div>【答案】×【解析】试题分析：（1）光合作用是指植绿色植物通过叶绿体，利用光能，把二氧化碳和水转化成储存能量的有机物，并且释放出氧气的过程．光合作用反应式：二氧化碳+水<img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2017/12/30/22/94b36d8b/SYS201712302239118566515489_DA/SYS201712302239118566515489_DA.001.png" width="53" height="33" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" />有机物（储存能量）+氧气．（2）呼吸作用是指细胞内的有机物在氧的参与下被分解成二氧化碳和水，同时释放出能量的过程，呼吸作用反应式：有机物+氧<img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2017/12/30/22/94b36d8b/SYS201712302239118566515489_DA/SYS201712302239118566515489_DA.002.png" width="41" height="19" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" />二氧化碳+水+能量．解：光合作用与呼吸作用的关系如表：<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:416.1pt; border-collapse:collapse"><tr style="height:3.9pt"><td rowspan="2" style="width:48.95pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"> </td><td style="width:48.85pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">区别</td><td rowspan="2" style="width:77.2pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">联系</td><td style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"></td><td style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"></td><td style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"></td><td style="border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"></td></tr><tr style="height:33.95pt"><td style="width:48.85pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">场所</td><td style="width:41.8pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">原料</td><td style="width:77.2pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">条件</td><td style="width:63.05pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">产物</td><td style="width:53.05pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">能量</td></tr><tr style="height:35.1pt"><td style="width:48.95pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">光合作用</td><td style="width:48.85pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">叶绿体</td><td style="width:77.2pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">二氧化碳、水</td><td style="width:41.8pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">光</td><td style="width:77.2pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">有机物、氧气</td><td style="width:63.05pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">储存能量</td><td style="width:53.05pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">相互联系相互依存</td></tr><tr><td style="width:48.95pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">呼吸作用</td><td style="width:48.85pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">所有的活细胞</td><td style="width:77.2pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">有机物、氧气</td><td style="width:41.8pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">有无光皆可</td><td style="width:77.2pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">二氧化碳、水</td><td style="width:63.05pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top">释放能量</td><td style="width:53.05pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"> </td></tr><tr style="height:0pt"><td style="width:49.7pt"></td><td style="width:49.6pt"></td><td style="width:77.95pt"></td><td style="width:42.55pt"></td><td style="width:77.95pt"></td><td style="width:63.8pt"></td><td style="width:53.8pt"></td></tr></table>从表格中看出，绿色植物白天进行光合作用、呼吸作用；晚上进行呼吸作用，不进行光合作用．因此题干的说法不正确．故答案为：×．</div>

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河南省濮阳市濮阳县七年级上期末生物试卷（解析版）