贵州毕节赫章野马川镇初中七年级下期中考试生物试卷（解析版）
题型：填空题※难度：一般
<div><div><p>【题目】下表为“唾液淀粉酶对淀粉的消化作用”的几组实验记录。在表格内填写实验现象（选填“变蓝”或“不变蓝”）</p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:0.75pt solid #000000; border-collapse:collapse"><tr><td style="width:21pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>试管</p></td><td style="width:105pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>加入物质（各2毫升）</p></td><td style="width:21pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>水温</p></td><td style="width:34.15pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>时间</p></td><td style="width:21pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>试剂</p></td><td style="width:86.8pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>加碘后的现象</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:21pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>①</p></td><td style="width:105pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>淀粉+唾液</p></td><td style="width:21pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>0℃</p></td><td style="width:34.15pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>10分钟</p></td><td style="width:21pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>碘液</p></td><td style="width:86.8pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p> </p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:21pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>②</p></td><td style="width:105pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>淀粉+唾液</p></td><td style="width:21pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>80℃</p></td><td style="width:34.15pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>10分钟</p></td><td style="width:21pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>碘液</p></td><td style="width:86.8pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p> </p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:21pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>③</p></td><td style="width:105pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>淀粉+唾液</p></td><td style="width:21pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>37℃</p></td><td style="width:34.15pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>10分钟</p></td><td style="width:21pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>碘液</p></td><td style="width:86.8pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p> </p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:21pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>④</p></td><td style="width:105pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>淀粉+清水</p></td><td style="width:21pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>37℃</p></td><td style="width:34.15pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>10分钟</p></td><td style="width:21pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p>碘液</p></td><td style="width:86.8pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"><p> </p></td></tr></table><p> </p></div></div>
<div><p>【答案】变蓝；变蓝；不变蓝；变蓝</p><p>【解析】</p><p>试题分析：③试管与④试管对照，实验变量是唾液，目的是探究唾液对淀粉的消化作用，③不变蓝④变蓝。 ③试管与 ①、②试管对照，实验变量是温度，目的是探究低温或高温对唾液淀粉酶活性的影响。1号试管和3号试管形成的对照实验，实验变量是温度（低温），1号试管遇碘变蓝色，3号试管遇碘不变蓝色，说明低温抑制唾液对淀粉的消化作用。2号试管和3号试管形成的对照实验，实验变量是温度（高温），2号试管遇碘变蓝色，说明高温抑制唾液对淀粉的消化作用。</p></div>
题型：连线题
※难度：一般
<div><div><p>【题目】将一定量的鸡血放入含有抗凝剂的试管中，静置一段时间后，可以观察到明显血液分层的现象，如图：请根据图做下面的连线</p><p><img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2017/12/30/23/115ddbe6/SYS201712302312017535447623_ST/SYS201712302312017535447623_ST.001.png" width="196" height="122" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:page; -aw-rel-vpos:page; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" /></p><p>a．血浆 ④能运输氧气</p><p>b．红细胞 ⑤与血液凝固有关</p><p>c．白细胞 ⑥有防御和保护的作用</p><p>d. 血小板 ⑦能运载血细胞运输养料和废物</p><p> </p></div></div>
<div><p>【答案】a--⑦;b--④;c--⑥;d--⑤</p><p>【解析】</p><p>试题分析：红细胞的功能是运输氧和部分二氧化碳；白细胞的功能是保护和防御疾病；血小板的功能是止血和加速凝血；血浆的功能是运载血细胞，运输营养物质和代谢废物。</p></div>
题型：判断题
※难度：较易
<div><div><p>【题目】科学家在研究人类的起源和发展的重要依据是古人类化石。（ ）</p><p> </p></div></div>
<div><p>【答案】√</p><p>【解析】</p><p>试题分析：大多数科学家认为：非洲大陆曾发生过剧烈的地壳运动，形成剧烈的东非大裂谷，使得部分森林古猿不得不到陆地生活，根据现最早的原始人类化石在非洲的发现。可以说非洲是人类的发源地。科学家在研究人类的起源和发展的重要依据是古人类化石。</p></div>
题型：判断题
※难度：较易
<div><div><p>【题目】“十月怀胎，一朝分娩”这种说法非常的正确。（ ）</p><p> </p></div></div>
<div><p>【答案】×</p><p>【解析】</p><p>试题分析：受精卵分裂，发育成胚泡，植入子宫内膜，这是怀孕。在子宫内，胚胎继续进行细胞分裂和分化，形成各种组织和器官。胚胎发育到第8周，其外貌开始像人，从这时起到出生前的胚胎，叫做胎儿。胎儿生活在子宫内半透明的羊水中。母体怀孕40周左右，胎儿就发育成熟了，成熟的胎儿从母体的阴道产出的过程称为分娩。胎儿在子宫中发育约需280天左右，不是十个月。</p></div>
题型：判断题
※难度：较易
<div><div><p>【题目】晚婚、晚育有利于控制人口过快增长。( )</p><p> </p></div></div>
<div><p>【答案】√</p><p>【解析】</p><p>试题分析：坚持晚婚、晚育，对于国家来说，有利于控制人口过快增长。少生是控制人口过快增长的关键，优生有利于提高我国的人口素质。</p></div>
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