5月3日 尿的形成和排出（二）-学易试卷君之每日一题君下学期七年级生物人教版（课堂同
题型：选择题※难度：一般
<div><div><p>【题目】某人的血浆、原尿、尿液成分比较如下表（单位：克／100毫升），根据样液的成分判断A、B、C三种样液分别是（ ）</p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; border:0.75pt solid #000000; border-collapse:collapse"><tr style="height:16.5pt"><td style="width:60.45pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>成分</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>水</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>蛋白质</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>葡萄糖</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>无机盐</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>尿素</p></td></tr><tr style="height:16.5pt"><td style="width:60.45pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>A样液</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>98</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>0.03</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>0.10</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>0.72</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>0.03</p></td></tr><tr style="height:16.5pt"><td style="width:60.45pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>B样液</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>96</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>0.00</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>0.00</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>1.10</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>1.8</p></td></tr><tr style="height:16.5pt"><td style="width:60.45pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>C样液</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>90</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>8.00</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>0.10</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>0.72</p></td><td style="width:60.45pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>0.03</p></td></tr></table><p> </p><p> </p><p>A. 原尿、尿液、血浆</p><p>B. 原尿、血浆、尿液</p><p>C. 尿液、原尿、血浆</p><p>D. 血浆、原尿、尿液</p></div></div>
<div><p>【答案】A</p><p>【解析】从表格中看出，A样液中含有葡萄糖和微量蛋白质，因此A样液是原尿；B样液中不含有葡萄糖和蛋白质，而是含有大量的尿素，因此B样液是尿液；C样液中含有大量的蛋白质，也含有葡萄糖，因此C样液是血浆。所以，根据样液的成分判断A、B、C样液分别是原尿、尿液、血浆。</p></div>
题型：选择题
※难度：较难
<div><div><p>【题目】下图是正常情况下肾单位内葡萄糖含量变化曲线,其中甲、乙、丙、丁表示相关的结构,那么结构乙内的液体和结构丙的名称分别是( )</p><p><img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2019/01/04/17/d72ca444/SYS201901041727284368200350_ST/SYS201901041727284368200350_ST.001.png" width="157" height="104" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" /></p><p>A. 血液、肾小球 B. 原尿、肾小囊 C. 原尿、肾小管 D. 尿液、肾小管</p></div></div>
<div><p>【答案】C</p><p>【解析】图中，甲肾小球、乙肾小囊、丙肾小管、丁收集管。当原尿流经肾小管时，原尿中的葡萄糖全部被重新吸收回血液，导致尿液中葡萄糖含量为0。因此丙是肾小管；则乙肾小囊内的液体是原尿。故选C。</p></div>
题型：选择题
※难度：一般
<div><div><p>【题目】正常人的血浆、原尿和尿液中都含有的物质是</p><p>①水 ②葡萄糖 ③尿素 ④无机盐 ⑤蛋白质</p><p>A. ①②③ B. ①③④</p><p>C. ②③⑤ D. ①④⑤</p></div></div>
<div><p>【答案】B</p><p>【解析】原尿的形成要经过肾小球和肾小囊内壁的滤过作用，当血液流经肾小球时，除了血细胞和大分子的蛋白质不能被过滤外，其他的如水、无机盐、尿素、葡萄糖会滤过到肾小囊腔内形成原尿，因此原尿的成分是：葡萄糖、水、无机盐、尿素；尿液的形成要经过肾小管的重吸收作用，当原尿流经肾小管时，大部分水、全部的葡萄糖和部分无机盐被肾小管外的毛细血管网重吸收，剩余的成分形成尿液，因此尿液的成分包括水、无机盐、尿素等；血浆的主要成分是：蛋白质、葡萄糖、水、无机盐、尿素等，因此血浆、原尿和尿液中都含有的物质是水、无机盐、尿素，B正确。</p></div>
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