湖北省武汉市江汉区中考生物模拟试卷(四)(解析版)
题型:选择题※难度:一般
<div><div><p>【题目】人的肺泡外缠绕着毛细血管,这有利于( )</p><p>A.肺与外界的气体交换 B.肺与血液的气体交换</p><p>C.增加肺进行气体交换的面积 D.气体在血液里的运输</p><p> </p></div></div>
<div><p>【答案】B</p><p>【解析】</p><p>试题分析:肺是呼吸系统的主要器官,是气体交换的主要场所.构成肺结构和功能的基本单位是肺泡,肺泡是气体交换的主要部位.肺泡数目极多,增大了肺进行气体交换的面积;肺泡外包绕着丰富的弹性纤维,增加了肺泡的弹性;肺泡外包绕着毛细血管,且肺泡壁和毛细血管壁都很薄,是由一层上皮细胞构成,有利于肺泡和毛细血管内的血液之间气体交换.故选项B符合题意.</p><p>故选:B.</p></div>
题型:选择题
※难度:一般
<div><div><p>【题目】某研究小组开展了某湖泊中环境问题的研究,他们首先选取了该湖泊中5种不同的生物A、B、C、D、E,并对其进行消化道内食物组成的分析;然后又请当地湖泊研究所的专家对这5种生物体内2种污染物的含量进行了测定;相关情况如表所示.下列说法不正确的是( )</p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:0.75pt solid #000000; border-collapse:collapse"><tr><td style="width:96.55pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>生物种类</p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:195.1pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>消化道内食物组成</p></td><td colspan="2" style="width:194.2pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>千克中污染物含量/mg</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:96.55pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p> </p></td><td style="width:97.15pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>汞</p></td><td style="width:97.2pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>某种杀虫剂</p></td><td style="width:96.8pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p> </p></td><td style="width:96.65pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p> </p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:96.55pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>A</p></td><td style="width:97.15pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>鱼(甲)</p></td><td style="width:97.2pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>鱼(乙)</p></td><td style="width:96.8pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>78</p></td><td style="width:96.65pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>96</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:96.55pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>B</p></td><td style="width:97.15pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>河蚌</p></td><td style="width:97.2pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>水蚤、小球藻</p></td><td style="width:96.8pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>25</p></td><td style="width:96.65pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>57</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:96.55pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>C</p></td><td style="width:97.15pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>小球藻</p></td><td style="width:97.2pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>/</p></td><td style="width:96.8pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>3</p></td><td style="width:96.65pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>5</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:96.55pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>D</p></td><td style="width:97.15pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>鱼(乙)</p></td><td style="width:97.2pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>水蚤</p></td><td style="width:96.8pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>10</p></td><td style="width:96.65pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>31</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:96.55pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>E</p></td><td style="width:97.15pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>水蚤</p></td><td style="width:97.2pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>小球藻</p></td><td style="width:96.8pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>5</p></td><td style="width:96.65pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; vertical-align:top"><p>15</p></td></tr></table><p>A.表中生物可形成3条食物链</p><p>B.河蚌和水蚤的关系是捕食和竞争</p><p>C.生物体内污染物的含量会通过食物链富集</p><p>D.表中生物构成的食物网中,A获得的能量最多</p><p> </p></div></div>
<div><p>【答案】D</p><p>【解析】</p><p>试题分析:A、此生态系统中的食物链有:C小球藻→E水蚤→D小鱼→A大鱼、C小球藻→E水蚤→B河蚌、C小球藻→B河蚌,因此表中生物可形成3条食物链;</p><p>B、河蚌吃水蚤,因此属于捕食关系,河蚌和水蚤都吃小球藻,二者相互争夺食物,属于竞争关系,所以河蚌和水蚤的关系是捕食和竞争;</p><p>C、有些有毒物质在生物体内不能被分解也很难被排出,因此生物体内污染物的含量会通过食物链富集;</p><p>D、能量沿着食物链流动并逐级减少,表中A(鱼甲)营养级最高,因此,“表中生物构成的食物网中”,A获得的能量最少,而不是最多.</p><p>所以,说法不正确的是“表中生物构成的食物网中,A获得的能量最多”.</p><p>故选:D.</p></div>
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