湖南省娄底市娄星区九级第一次网上评比（学业水平）生物试卷（解析版）-人人终身学习知识网~是各类综合知识资源信息分享，提升综合素质与提高知识技能的终身学习网络平台名校卷初中

admins 发表于 2021-3-17 00:25:20

届湖南省娄底市娄星区九年级第一次网上评比（学业水平）生物试卷（解析版）

题型：选择题
※难度：一般
<div><div>【题目】下列有关安全用药的叙述，正确的是A．药吃得越多，病好得越快 B．中药和西药都有一定的副作用C．运动员不容易发生药物不良反应 D．进口药比国产药的疗效更好、更安全 </div></div>
<div>【答案】B【解析】试题分析：“是药三分毒”，药物一般都有一定的毒副作用，多吃会危害人体健康，不可随意加倍服用，A错误；“是药三分毒”，无论是中药还是西药对人都有一定的副作用。B正确；药物的不良反应是人体的免疫力对外来的药物的一种排斥，运动员不一定不容易发生药物不良反应。C错误；无论是进口药还是国产药，只是产地的差别．只有对症，才能起到治疗作用。D错误。</div>

题型：选择题
※难度：容易
<div><div>【题目】下列不属于运用蒸腾作用原理的是A．在阴天或傍晚移栽植物B．移栽植物时去掉部分枝叶C．对移栽后的植物进行遮阳D．夏天早上和傍晚给植物浇水 </div></div>
<div>【答案】D【解析】试题分析：植物体通过根从土壤中吸水的水分大部分通过蒸腾作用散失了，蒸腾作用的主要部位是叶片；刚刚移栽的植物，幼根和根毛会受到一定程度的损伤，根的吸水能力很弱，去掉部分枝叶，可以降低植物的蒸腾作用，减少水分的散失，有利于移栽植物的成活．根吸水的主要部位是幼根和根毛，因此在移栽植物时要带土移栽，以保护幼根和根毛，利于根吸水，提高成活率。对移栽植物进行遮荫、去掉部分枝叶，选择阴天或傍晚时移栽，带土移栽，这些措施都是为了降低蒸腾作用，减少水分的散失，利用移栽植物的成活。</div>

题型：选择题
※难度：较易
<div><div>【题目】心脏壁由心肌构成，根据如图所示心肌厚薄程度判断，左心室是<img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2017/12/30/22/f936fd23/SYS201712302255280536805836_ST/SYS201712302255280536805836_ST.001.png" width="118" height="113" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" />A．① B．② C．③ D．④ </div></div>
<div>【答案】D【解析】试题分析：心脏的有四个腔，左右心室、左右心房，四个腔相连通的血管如图：<img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2017/12/30/22/f936fd23/SYS201712302255280536805836_DA/SYS201712302255280536805836_DA.001.png" width="209" height="133" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" />所以图中3为左心房，4为左心室，1为右心房，2为右心室。</div>

题型：填空题
※难度：一般
<div><div>【题目】下图中甲、乙、丙三条曲线分别表示食物中三种营养物质在消化道中的变化情况，据图回答：<img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2017/12/30/22/f936fd23/SYS201712302255287224868666_ST/SYS201712302255287224868666_ST.001.png" width="141" height="106" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" />（1）图中曲线乙表示 的消化。（2）从图中看，淀粉最终在 中彻底消化分解成葡萄糖。下面是某生物兴趣小组的同学在探究“口腔对淀粉的消化作用”课题时，设计的实验方案如下表。分析完成下列问题：<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:0.75pt solid #000000; border-collapse:collapse"><tr><td style="width:72.25pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">试管编号</td><td style="width:72.25pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">1</td><td style="width:72.25pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">2</td><td style="width:72.25pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">3</td><td style="width:72.3pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">4</td><td style="width:72.3pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">5</td></tr><tr><td style="width:72.25pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">馒头碎屑或块</td><td style="width:72.25pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">适量碎屑</td><td style="width:72.25pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">适量碎屑</td><td style="width:72.25pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">适量馒头块</td><td style="width:72.3pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">适量碎屑</td><td style="width:72.3pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">适量碎屑</td></tr><tr><td style="width:72.25pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">唾液有无</td><td style="width:72.25pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">2mL唾液</td><td style="width:72.25pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">2mL清水</td><td style="width:72.25pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">2mL唾液</td><td style="width:72.3pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">2mL唾液</td><td style="width:72.3pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">2mL唾液</td></tr><tr><td style="width:72.25pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">是否搅拌</td><td style="width:72.25pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">搅拌</td><td style="width:72.25pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">搅拌</td><td style="width:72.25pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">不搅拌</td><td style="width:72.3pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">搅拌</td><td style="width:72.3pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">搅拌</td></tr><tr><td style="width:72.25pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">温度</td><td style="width:72.25pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">37℃</td><td style="width:72.25pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">0℃</td><td style="width:72.25pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">100℃</td><td style="width:72.3pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"> </td><td style="width:72.3pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"> </td></tr><tr><td style="width:72.25pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">加入碘液</td><td style="width:72.25pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"> </td><td style="width:72.25pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"> </td><td style="width:72.25pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"> </td><td style="width:72.3pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"> </td><td style="width:72.3pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"> </td></tr></table>（3）要探究牙齿的咀嚼、舌的搅拌对馒头的消化作用，应选用 号试管进行对照实验。（4）如果选用1、4、5号试管进行实验，其探究的问题是： ？ </div></div>
<div>【答案】（1）蛋白质（2）小肠（3）1和3（4）温度对唾液淀粉酶消化淀粉是否有影响？【解析】试题分析：（1）分析图1中的各条曲线可知：曲线甲表示淀粉的消化过程，因为淀粉的消化开始于口腔，曲线乙表示蛋白质的消化过程，因为蛋白质的消化从胃开始，曲线丙代表脂肪的消化过程，因为只有小肠内才含有消化脂肪的酶。（2）分析图1可知：淀粉、蛋白质和脂肪都是在小肠内被彻底消化，这与小肠的结构特点有关：小肠长约5～6 m，小肠内具有肠液、胰液和胆汁等多种消化液；小肠内壁有环形皱襞，皱襞上有小肠绒毛，增大了消化和吸收的面积。（3）了确保实验结果只是由实验变量的不同引起的，就应当使实验环境中除实验变量不同外，其它条件都相同；要探究牙齿的咀嚼、舌的搅拌对馒头的消化作用，就要以牙齿的咀嚼、舌的搅拌为变量设置对照实验，实验中，把馒头切成碎屑是模拟牙齿的咀嚼，搅拌是模拟舌的搅拌；因此，以1、3号试管形成对照实验，除对馒头块不做处理外，加入唾液后还不能进行搅拌。（4）1、4、5号试管是以温度为变量形成的对照实验，目的是探究温度对唾液中唾液淀粉酶发挥作用的影响，因此提出的问题应该是：温度对唾液发挥作用有影响么?</div>

题型：填空题
※难度：一般
<div><div>【题目】某生物兴趣小组以大豆种子为实验材料对植物种子萌发所需的条件进行探究。现将他们的实验设计与结果整理于下表。请分析表格内容，回答有关问题：（表中未说明部分，均认为条件适宜）<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:0.75pt solid #000000; border-collapse:collapse"><tr><td style="width:60.4pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">组别</td><td style="width:51pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">装置标号</td><td colspan="3" style="width:212.2pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">种子所处的环境</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">种子数</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">发芽率（%）</td></tr><tr><td style="width:60.4pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"> </td><td style="width:51pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"> </td><td style="width:81.35pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">温度（℃）</td><td style="width:48.85pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">湿度</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">光照</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"> </td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"> </td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" style="width:60.4pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">甲</td><td style="width:51pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">A</td><td style="width:81.35pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">25</td><td style="width:48.85pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">潮湿</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">有光</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">100</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">96</td></tr><tr><td style="width:51pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">B</td><td style="width:81.35pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">5</td><td style="width:48.85pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">潮湿</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">有光</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">100</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">0</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" style="width:60.4pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">乙</td><td style="width:51pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">C</td><td style="width:81.35pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">25</td><td style="width:48.85pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">干燥</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">无光</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">5</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:51pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">D</td><td style="width:81.35pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">25</td><td style="width:48.85pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">潮湿</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">无光</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">5</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">100</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" style="width:60.4pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">丙</td><td style="width:51pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">E</td><td style="width:81.35pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">25</td><td style="width:48.85pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">潮湿</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">有光</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">100</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">97</td></tr><tr><td style="width:51pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">F</td><td style="width:81.35pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">25</td><td style="width:48.85pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">潮湿</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">无光</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">100</td><td style="width:60.4pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">98</td></tr></table>（1）乙组设计的实验与甲、丙两组的相比，不足之处是 。（2）要证明光照对大豆种子萌发有无影响，应选用 组的实验装置，根据实验现象可得出的结论是 。（3）农业生产上通常选用籽粒饱满的大豆种子播种，因为饱满大豆种子的 内贮存着更丰富的营养物质，能够保证大豆种子正常萌发、幼苗健壮。（4）大豆种子萌发时，吸水膨胀，胚根最先突破种皮形成根，胚芽发育成茎和叶。此过程中种子内的有机物逐渐减少,原因之一是 。 </div></div>
<div>【答案】（1）种子的数量太少（2）种子的萌发不受光的影响（3）子叶（4）萌发的种子进行呼吸作用消耗了有机物【解析】试题分析：（1）乙同学设计的实验与甲丙两同学的相比，不足之处是种子的数量太少，分别只用了5粒种子，这样偶然性大（种子已死亡或休眠），我们一般取多粒种子．因此提出合理建议是增加种子数量，可以避免实验结果的偶然性。（2）由甲同学设计的实验有唯一变量是温度，所以甲同学探究的是温度对种子萌发的影响，由乙同学设计的实验有唯一变量是水分，所以乙同学探究的是水分对种子萌发的影响；由丙同学设计的实验有唯一变量是光，所以丙同学探究的是光对种子萌发的影响。根据实验现象可得出的结论是种子的萌发不受光的影响。（3）种子的萌发的外界条件为适量的水分、适宜的温度和充足的空气；自身条件是有完整而有活力的胚及胚发育所需的营养物质。而尽量选用粒大饱满的种子，这样的种子中含有较多的营养物质。可使种子萌发时有充足的营养，萌发出的幼苗更茁壮。饱满大豆种子子叶的内贮存着更丰富的营养物质，能够保证大豆种子正常萌发、幼苗健壮。（4）麦种子萌发时，吸水膨胀，胚根最先突破种皮形成根，胚轴伸长，胚芽发育成茎和叶。种子萌发时，吸水膨胀，种皮变软，呼吸作用增强，将储存在子叶或是胚乳内的营养物质逐步分解，转化为可以被细胞吸收利用的物质，输送到胚的胚轴、胚根、胚芽，种子内的有机物逐渐减少。</div>

题型：填空题
※难度：一般
<div><div>【题目】下图为植物体某些生理过程的概念图，请写出标号所代表的文字或符号： <img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2017/12/30/22/f936fd23/SYS201712302255255567601621_ST/SYS201712302255255567601621_ST.001.jpeg" width="362" height="113" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" />① ________ ②________ ③________ ④________ ⑤________  </div></div>
<div>【答案】呼吸 ②二氧化碳 ③叶绿体 ④氧气 ⑤产物【解析】试题分析：植物的光合作用是在叶绿体里利用光能把二氧化碳和水合成有机物，释放氧气，同时把光能转变成化学能储存在合成的有机物中的过程，其场所是叶绿体，而呼吸作用指的是细胞内有机物在氧的参与下被分解成二氧化碳和水，同时释放能量的过程，其场所为线粒体。它与光合作用的区别与联系为：<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:0.75pt solid #000000; border-collapse:collapse"><tr><td style="width:22.95pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top"> </td><td style="width:201.85pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">呼吸作用</td><td style="width:241.2pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">光合作用</td></tr><tr><td style="width:22.95pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">1</td><td style="width:201.85pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">所有的生活细胞都能进行</td><td style="width:241.2pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">只在含有叶绿体的细胞中进行</td></tr><tr><td style="width:22.95pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">2</td><td style="width:201.85pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">有光无光都能进行</td><td style="width:241.2pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">在光照下才能进行</td></tr><tr><td style="width:22.95pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">3</td><td style="width:201.85pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">吸收氧气，放出二氧化碳</td><td style="width:241.2pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">吸收二氧化碳，放出氧气</td></tr><tr><td style="width:22.95pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">4</td><td style="width:201.85pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">把有机物分解成二氧化碳和水，并释放能量</td><td style="width:241.2pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding-right:5.03pt; padding-left:5.03pt; vertical-align:top">把二氧化碳和水合成有机物（主要是淀粉），并储藏能量</td></tr></table>因此利用二氧化碳和水作原料的是①表示呼吸作用，②表示呼吸作用的产物之一二氧化碳，同时也是光合作用的原料．光合作用的场所是③叶绿体，⑤产物是有机物和④氧气。</div>

题型：填空题
※难度：一般
<div><div>【题目】下表是研究小组对某湖泊生态系统中A、B、C、D、E五种生物消化道内食物成分的分析，如图是该生态系统中的碳循环示意图，请回答下列问题．<img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2017/12/30/22/f936fd23/SYS201712302255265133955995_ST/SYS201712302255265133955995_ST.001.png" width="481" height="117" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" />（1）根据表中生物之间的食物关系，试写出最长的一条食物链：（用字母和箭头表示）。（2）在该湖泊生态系统中，河蚌（B）和小鱼（D）的关系是 。（3）如图中的 表示该生态系统的生产者，若②表示生物在夜晚进行的某一生理过程，则②是 。（4）若该生态系统被某种杀虫剂污染，试推测表中体内含杀虫剂最多的生物是 （填字母）。 </div></div>
<div>【答案】（1）C→E→D→A；（2）捕食；（3）小球藻；呼吸作用；（4）A【解析】试题分析：（1）由消化道内食物成分组成，可写出食物网如图所示：<img src="https://picture.zhihuicn.com/2017/12/30/22/f936fd23/SYS201712302255265133955995_DA/SYS201712302255265133955995_DA.001.png" width="170" height="46" alt="" style="-aw-left-pos:0pt; -aw-rel-hpos:column; -aw-rel-vpos:paragraph; -aw-top-pos:0pt; -aw-wrap-type:inline" />，其中最长的一条食物链：C→E→D→A。（2）河蚌（B）可以捕食水蚤，同时小鱼也捕食水蚤，因此两者均可以小球藻为食，属于捕食关系。（3）在生态系统中，植物能够通过光合作用制造有机物，并将光能储存在有机物中，为自身和其他生物提供了食物和能量，因此小球藻是生态系统中的生产者。由生态系统中的碳循环示意图中箭头方向可知：过程②绿色植物呼吸作用释放二氧化碳到大气中，是绿色植物的呼吸作用。（4）在生态系统中，有害物质可以通过食物链在生物体内不断积累，其浓度随着消费者级别的升高而逐步增加，这种现象叫生物富集。营养级越高生物（越靠近食物链的末端），体内所积累的有毒物质越多（富集）。食物链：“C→E→D→A”，甲的营养级最高，因此该食物链中体内有毒物质积累最多的生物是A。</div>

题型：判断题
※难度：一般
<div><div>【题目】酵母菌在无氧条件下，可将葡萄糖转化成酒精和二氧化碳。 </div></div>
<div>【答案】√【解析】试题分析：酵母菌在无氧的条件下分解葡萄糖，能产生酒精和二氧化碳。</div>

题型：判断题
※难度：一般
<div><div>【题目】无脊椎动物属于变温动物，脊椎动物属于恒温动物。 </div></div>
<div>【答案】×【解析】试题分析：恒温动物只有鸟类和哺乳动物，而无脊椎动物和脊椎动物中的鱼类、两栖类、爬行类，它们的体温随外界环境的变化而变化，都属于变温动物。</div>

题型：判断题
※难度：较易
<div><div>【题目】真菌是通过分裂方式繁殖后代的。 </div></div>
<div>【答案】×【解析】试题分析：真菌有单细胞的，如酵母菌，也有多细胞的，如霉菌等，其中霉菌和蘑菇菌等大多是由大量的菌丝组成的，菌丝上面能产生大量的孢子，孢子可以发育成新个体，所以多细胞真菌靠孢子来繁殖后代的，所以题干的叙述是错误的。</div>

题型：判断题
※难度：容易
<div><div>【题目】病毒只能寄生在活细胞里，利用细胞内的物质，制造出新的病毒。 </div></div>
<div>【答案】√【解析】试题分析：病毒没有细胞结构，主要由内部的核酸和外部的蛋白质外壳组成，不能独立生存，只有寄生在活细胞里才能进行生命活动靠自己的核酸中遗传信息，利用细胞内的物质，制造出新的病毒。病毒离开了活细胞，通常会变成结晶体。</div>

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