北师大版八年级下册生物同步练习：7.22.1 生物的分类
题型：选择题※难度：较易
<div><div><p>【题目】对生物进行分类的意义是 ( )</p><p>A．认识和保护生物的多样性</p><p>B．便于人类采集生物标本</p><p>C．消灭所有对人类有害的生物</p><p>D．大量捕获对人类有用的生物</p><p> </p></div></div>
<div><p>【答案】 A</p><p>【解析】</p><p>试题分析：通过对生物分类，揭示了生物之间的亲缘关系，对研究生物的进化有很大的帮助，认识和保护生物的多样性作为分类的意义是正确的。</p></div>
题型：选择题
※难度：较易
<div><div><p>【题目】采用双名法统一动植物命名的科学家是（ ）</p><p> A、李时珍 B、亚里士多德 C、林奈 D、虎克</p><p> </p></div></div>
<div><p>【答案】C</p><p>【解析】</p><p>试题分析：林奈是瑞典自然学者，现代生物学分类命名的奠基人．他在生物学上的成就是发明了双名制命名法，即植物的常用名由两部分组成，前者为属名，要求用名词；后者为种名，要求用形容词。</p></div>
题型：选择题
※难度：较易
<div><div><p>【题目】同一目的生物，它们一定是（ ）</p><p>A、 同一属 B、同一纲 C、同一种 D、同一科</p><p> </p></div></div>
<div><p>【答案】B</p><p>【解析】同一目的生物，它们一定是比目的分类单位大的里面的。</p></div>
题型：填空题
※难度：一般
<div><div><p>【题目】生物学家将地球上现存的生物依次分为____、_____、______、_____、______、_______、_______七个等级，其中，______是生物分类的基本单位。</p><p> </p></div></div>
<div><p>【答案】 界 门 纲 目 科 属 种 种</p></div>
题型：综合题
※难度：一般
<div><div><p>【题目】观察表1和表2.</p><p>表1：比较一串红和小麦</p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; border:1.5pt solid #000000; border-collapse:collapse"><tr style="height:19.5pt"><td style="width:121.95pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3pt 5.03pt 3.38pt 4.65pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>特征／植物名称</p></td><td style="width:122.7pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3pt 5.03pt 3.38pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>一串红</p></td><td style="width:122.7pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3pt 4.65pt 3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>小麦</p></td></tr><tr style="height:20.25pt"><td style="width:121.95pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt 3.38pt 4.65pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>叶形</p></td><td style="width:122.7pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>卵形</p></td><td style="width:122.7pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 4.65pt 3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>线形</p></td></tr><tr style="height:20.25pt"><td style="width:121.95pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt 3.38pt 4.65pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>叶脉形态</p></td><td style="width:122.7pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>网状叶脉</p></td><td style="width:122.7pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 4.65pt 3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>平行叶脉</p></td></tr><tr style="height:20.25pt"><td style="width:121.95pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt 3pt 4.65pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>草本或木本</p></td><td style="width:122.7pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt 3pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>草本</p></td><td style="width:122.7pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 4.65pt 3pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>草本</p></td></tr></table><p> </p><p>表2：比较杨和月季</p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; border:1.5pt solid #000000; border-collapse:collapse"><tr style="height:21.75pt"><td style="width:122.7pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3pt 5.03pt 3.38pt 4.65pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>特征／植物名称</p></td><td style="width:122.7pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3pt 5.03pt 3.38pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>杨</p></td><td style="width:122.7pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3pt 4.65pt 3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>月季</p></td></tr><tr style="height:22.5pt"><td style="width:122.7pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt 3.38pt 4.65pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>枝条形态</p></td><td style="width:122.7pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>无皮刺</p></td><td style="width:122.7pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 4.65pt 3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>有皮刺</p></td></tr><tr style="height:22.5pt"><td style="width:122.7pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt 3.38pt 4.65pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>叶的形态</p></td><td style="width:122.7pt; border-style:solid; border-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>单叶</p></td><td style="width:122.7pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 4.65pt 3.38pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>复叶</p></td></tr><tr style="height:22.5pt"><td style="width:122.7pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt 3pt 4.65pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>灌木或乔木</p></td><td style="width:122.7pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-right-style:solid; border-right-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 5.03pt 3pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>乔木</p></td><td style="width:122.7pt; border-top-style:solid; border-top-width:0.75pt; border-left-style:solid; border-left-width:0.75pt; padding:3.38pt 4.65pt 3pt 5.03pt; vertical-align:middle"><p>灌木</p></td></tr></table><p> </p><p>根据表1和表2，在下面尝试制作简单的检索表。</p><p>1草本植物</p><p>2叶呈卵形，网状叶脉……………………………………………………一串红</p><p>2叶呈线形，平行叶脉……………………………………………………小麦</p><p>1木本植物</p><p>2灌木，复叶，枝条有皮刺………………………………………………月季</p><p>2乔木，单叶，枝条无皮刺………………………………………………杨</p><p>说一说在界、门、纲、目、科、属、种这七个分类等级中，你认为哪个等级生物的共同特征最多? 哪个最少? 说出你的理由。</p><p>___________________</p><p> </p></div></div>
<div><p>【答案】种的生物的共同特征最多；界的生物的共同特征最少。</p><p>分类方法是按照生物体的差异特征来分的，分类等级越高，它所包含的生物体间的差异越大，即共同特征越少，反之亦然。因此，种的生物的共同特征最多；界的生物的共同特征最少</p></div>
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