唇亡齿寒的故事
<p>春秋时候，晋献公想要扩充自己的实力和地盘，就找借口说邻近的虢（guó）国经常侵犯晋国的边境，要派兵灭了虢国。可是在晋国和虢国之间隔着一个虞国，讨伐虢国必须经过虞地。“怎样才能顺利通过虞国呢？”晋献公问手下的大臣。大夫荀息说：“虞国国君是个目光短浅、贪图小利的人，只要我们送他价值连城的美玉和宝马，他不会不答应借道的。”晋献公一听有点舍不得，荀息看出了晋献公的心思，就说：“虞虢两国是唇齿相依的近邻，虢国灭了，虞国也不能独存，您的美玉宝马不过是暂时存放在虞公那里罢了。”晋献公采纳了荀息的计策。</p><p>虞国国君见到这两们珍贵的礼物，顿时心花怒放，听到荀息说要借道虞国之事时，当时就满口答应下来。虞国大夫宫之奇听说后，赶快阻止道：“不行，不行，虞国和虢国是唇齿相依的近邻，我们两个小国相互依存，有事可以自彼帮助，万一虢国灭了，我们虞国也就难保了。俗话说：‘唇亡齿寒’，没有嘴唇，牙齿也保不住啊！借道给晋国万万使不得。”虞公说：“人家晋国是大国，现在特意送来美玉宝马和咱们交朋友，难道咱们借条道路让他们走走都不行吗？”宫之奇连声叹气，知道虞国离灭亡的日子不远了，于是就带着一家老小离开了虞国。</p><p>果然，晋国军队借道虞国，消灭了虢国，随后又把亲自迎接晋军的虞公抓住，灭了虞国。故事出自《左传·僖公五年》。成语“唇亡齿寒”，比喻双方关系密切，相互依存。</p><p>ifthelipsaregone,theteethwillbecold</p><p>duringthespringandautumnperiod(707-476b.c.),dukexianofthestateofjinwantedtoexpandhispositionofstrengthandsphereofinfluence.thereforehewouldliketosendhistroopstodestroythestateofguoonthepretestthatthestateofguooftenencroachedonthebordersofthestateofjin.buttherewasathirdstate,thestateofyu,betweenthestateofjinandthestateofguo,andthejinarmyhadtocrossthestateofyubeforeitcouldreachthestateofguo."howcanmyarmycrossthestateofyuwithoutahitch?"dukexianofthestateofjinaskedhisministers.xunxi,oneoftheministers,said,"themonarchofthestateofyuisshort-sightedandcovetssmalladvantages.ifwegivehimpricelesspreciousstonesandfinehorses,itisnotunlikelythathewillallowourarmytopassthroughhiscountry."seeingthatdukexianofthestateofjinwasalittlebitgrudging,xunxicontinuedtosay,"thestateofyuandthestateofguoareneighborstatedascloselyrelatedaslipsandteeth.thestateofyucannotexistindependentlyifthestateofguoisdestroyed.yourpreciousstonesandfimehoresarejustleftinthecareofthemonarchofthestateofyu."sodukexianofthestateofjinacceptedxunxi'splan.whenthemonarchofyusawthepreciousgifts,hewaselated,andreadilypromisedtoletthejinarmypassthroughhisstate.hearingthenews,gongzhiqi,oneoftheministersasthestateofyu,hastenedtoadmonishthemonarch,saying,"thatwon'tdo.forthestateofyuandthestateofguoareneighborstatesascloselyrelatedaslipsandteeth.ourtwosmallstatesareinterdependent,andcanhelpcachotherwhenproblemscropup.ifthestateofguoweredestroyed,itwouldbedifficultforourstateofyutocontinuetoexist.asthecommonsayinggoes,ifthelipsaregone,theteethwillbecold,theteethcanhardlybekeptifthelipsaregone.soitwon'tdoatalltoallowthejinarmypassourstate."themonarchofthestateofyusaid,"thestateofjinisabigstate.nowtheyherespeciallytopresentgiftstouswiththeintentionofbeingonfriendlytermswithus.undersuchcircumstances,howcanwerefusetoallowthemtopassthroughourstate?"hearingthis,gongzhiqisighedrepeatedly.knowingthatthestateofyuwouldsoonbedestroyed,gongzhiqileftthestateofyutogetherwithhiswholefamily.</p><p>asexpected,thetroopsofthestateofjin,allowedtopassthroughthestateofyu,destroyedthestateofguoandontheirreturntripcapturedthemonarchofthestateofyuwhowentoutpersonallytomeetthem,htusdestroyingthestateofyuaswell.</p><p>thisstoryappearsinthechapter"thefifthyearofdukexi"inzuozhuan,thefamouscommentarybyzuoqiumingonthespringandautumnannals.thesetphrase"ifthelipsaregone,theteethwillbecold"isusedtomeanthattwopersonsorthingsshareacommonlotandthatisonefails,theotherisindanger.</p><p><br><br><p>
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