退避三舍的故事
<p>春秋时候，晋献公听信谗言，杀了太子申生，又派人捉拿申生的弟弟重耳。重耳闻讯，逃出了晋国，在外流忘十几年。</p><p>经过千幸万苦,重耳来到楚国。楚成王认为重耳日后必有大作为，就以国群之礼相迎，待他如上宾。<br>一天，楚王设宴招待重耳，两人饮洒叙话，气氛十分融洽。忽然楚王问重耳：“你若有一天回晋国当上国君，该怎么报答我呢？”重耳略一思索说：“美女待从、珍宝丝绸，大王您有的是，珍禽羽毛，象牙兽皮，更是楚地的盛产，晋国哪有什么珍奇物品献给大王呢？”楚王说：“公子过谦了。话虽然这么说，可总该对我有所表示吧？”重耳笑笑回答道：“要是托您的福。果真能回国当政的话，我愿与贵国友好。假如有一天，晋楚国之间发生战争，我一定命令军队先退避三舍（一舍等于三十里），如果还不能得到您的原谅，我再与您交战。”</p><p>四年后，重耳真的回到晋国当了国君，就是历史上有名的晋文公。晋国在他的治理下日益强大。</p><p>公元前633年，楚国和晋国的军队在作战时相遇。晋文公为了实现他许下的诺言，下令军队后退九十里，驻扎在城濮。楚军见晋军后退，以为对方害怕了，马上追击。晋军利用楚军骄傲轻敌的弱点，集中兵力，大破楚军，取得了城濮之战的胜利。</p><p>故事出自《左传·僖公二十二年》。成语“退避三舍”比喻不与人相争或主动让步。</p><p></p><p></p><p>retreatingaboutthirtymilesasconditionforpeace</p><p>duringthespringandautumnperiod(770-476b.c.),dukexianofthestateofjinkilledthecrownprinceshengbecausehehadheardslandersaboutshengandbelievedthem.healsosenthismentoarrestchonger,shenshengandbelievedthem.healsosenthismentoarrestchonher,shensheng'sbrother.hearingthenews,chongerescapedfromthestateofjin,remainingafugitiveformorethantenyears.</p><p>afterinnumerablehardships,chongerarrivedatthestateofchuatlast.kingchengofthestateofchutreatedhimwithhighrespectashewouldhavetreatedtherulerofastate,believingthathewouldhaveavrightfuure.</p><p>oneday,kingchengofthestateofchugaveabanquetinhonoudrofchonger.suddenly,amidtheharmoniousatmosphereofdrinkingandtalking,kingchengofthestateofchuaskedchonger."howwillyourepaymewhenyoureturntothestateofjinandbecomeitsruleroneday?"afterthinkingforamoment,chongersaid,"youhaveplentyofbeautiesandattendantsaswellasjewelryandsilkcloth,andthestateofchuaboundsinrarebridesandanimals.whattreasurecanthestateofjinboasthavingtopresenttoyourmajesty?"kingchengofthestateofchusaid,"youaretoomodest.nevertheless,youstillhavetoshowyourgratitudetomeinonewayoranother,ipresume?"smiling,chongeranswered,"ifishouldbefortunateenougetoreturntothestateofjinandbecomeitsruler,thestateofjinwouldbefriendlytothestateofchu.if,oneday,thereshouldbeawarbetweenthetwostates,iwoulddefinitelyordermytroopstoretreatthreeshe(onesheisequivalenttothirtyli.theliisachineseunitoflengthequivalentto1/2kilometre.and,therefore,threesheisaboutthirtymiles.)asaconditionforpeace.if,underthatcondition,youwerestillnotreconciled,iwouldhavetofightwithyou."</p><p>fouryearslater,asmightbeexpected,chongerreturnedtothestateofjinandbecameitsruler.hewasnoneotherthandukewenofthestateofjinfamousinancientchinesehistory.ruledbyhim,thestateofjinbecameincreasinglypowerful.</p><p>intheyear533b.c.,thechutroopsandthejintroopsconfrontedeachotherinabattle.faithfultohispromise,dukewenofthestateofjinorderedhistroopstoretreataboutthirtymiles.afterretreating,thejintroopswerestationedatchengpu.seeingthatthejintroopswereretreating,thechutroopsthoughtthattheenemytroopswereafraid,andbeganchasingthem.takingadvantageofthechutroops'arroganceandtheirtalkingthejintroopslightly,thejintroopsconcentratedtheirforcesandinflictedacrushingdefeatonthechutroops,thuswinningthevictoryofthebattleofchengpu.</p><p>thissetphrase,"retreatingaboutthirtymilesasaconditionforpeace,"isderivedfromthechapter"thetwenty-secondyearofdukexi"inzuozhuan,thefamouscommentarybyzuoqiumingonthespringandautumnannals.theideaofthissetphraseistogivewaytosomebodyinordertoavoidaconflict.<br></p><p><br><br><p>
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